AQA A Level Geography Paper 2: Human geography November 2020 question paper 7037/2

Explain how differential access to markets can impact on economic well-being.

Figure 1 shows the relationship between the change in gross domestic product (GDP) per person and attitudes towards globalisation for selected countries. Information is also provided on total GDP and the percentage of foreign-born population in those countries.

– 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

GDP per person, % change, 2011 – 2015

Analyse the data shown in Figure 1.

Figures 2a and 2b are in the insert.

Figure 2a shows percentage breakdown of main tourist activities for visitors to Antarctica in 2016–17. In the 2016–17 season there were 44 202 visitors to Antarctica.

Figure 2b shows a small-boat landing party of tourists visiting a penguin colony on South Orkney Islands in Antarctica.

Using Figure 2a, Figure 2b and your own knowledge, to what extent do you agree that tourism is a threat to Antarctica?

‘The UN has worked tirelessly to promote growth and stability across the globe, but TNCs have been far more successful in this regard.’

To what extent do you agree with this view?

Outline how geospatial data can be used to present place characteristics.

Figures 3a and 3b are in the insert.

Figure 3a shows the results of a survey asking residents about their perception of safety in Cardiff in 2016.

Figure 3b shows the incidence of violent crime in Cardiff in 2016.

Analyse the relationship between perception and incidence of crime shown in Figure 3a and Figure 3b.

Figure 4 shows information published online by the London National Park City movement, a charitable trust that launched London as the first National Park City in July 2019.

London National Park City, put simply, is a movement to improve life in London.

We want more bird song, ultimate frisbee, hill-rolling, tree climbing, cycling, hedgehogs, volunteering, sharing, outdoor play, kayaking, clean air, otters, greener streets, outdoor learning, ball games, outdoor art and hilltop dancing in the city. Why not?

Having successfully campaigned to make London a National Park City, the National Park City Foundation has been established to bring the idea to life.

We’re doing this by:

• Leading inspiring campaigns

• Growing our movement

• Supporting and coordinating action

Individuals, families, groups and organisations can make their own contributions to the London National Park City’s aims, either formally or informally. The Mayor of London has committed to protecting and increasing green spaces and is providing funding to help with planting. You can contribute by simply making your part of the city a little wilder or enjoying a new part of the city’s great outdoors. The more people who do these things the better.

“What a moment for London: a celebration of the biodiversity and greenness that the city holds, an acknowledgement of how vitally urban lives are bound up with - and enriched by - nature, and a vision for the future of how to deepen and improve our relations with the living world - for what is good for nature is also good for us all.” - Robert Macfarlane, nature writer

Using Figure 4 and your own knowledge, evaluate attempts to influence specific place meanings.

‘The impact of globalisation has transformed and improved places beyond recognition.’

With reference to your distant place, critically assess this statement.

Outline how one urban pollution reduction policy has been implemented.

Figure 5 is in the insert.

Figure 5 shows the change in life expectancy along the number 83 bus route in Sheffield, a city in the UK. The index of multiple deprivation is also shown on the map.

Analyse the data shown in Figure 5.

Figure 6 is in the insert.

Figure 6 is an OS map extract of Plymouth, a city on the south west coast of England.

Using Figure 6 and your own knowledge, assess the importance of physical factors in affecting urban form.

Assess the role of technological processes leading to the growing number of global megacities.

To what extent do you agree that urban drainage presents more opportunities than challenges in developing more sustainable cities?

Outline the relationship between the physical environment and health in a local area you have studied.

Figures 7a and 7b are in the insert.

Figure 7a shows deaths attributed to air pollution by country income groups in 2016.

Figure 7b shows the global distribution of the concentration of PM atmospheric 2.5 pollution in 2016.

Analyse the data shown in Figure 7a and Figure 7b.

Figures 8a, 8b and 8c are in the insert.

Figure 8a shows the number of refugees received by selected European countries from 1 January to 30 June 2015.

Figure 8b shows the rise of anti-immigration parties in selected European countries between 2013 and 2018.

Figure 8c shows placards used at a ‘Refugees welcome here’ march in London held in 2016.

Using Figures 8a, 8b, 8c and your own knowledge, discuss the political implications of international migration.

Assess the relative importance of two zonal soils you have studied in determining human activity such as agriculture.

‘Non-communicable diseases are harder to manage than biologically transmitted diseases.’

With reference to one or more places you have studied, assess the extent to which you agree with this statement.

Outline how an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) can be used to encourage sustainable resource development.

Figure 9 shows minerals and the associated geology found in part of north west England.

Key

Carboniferous sedimentary rocks Graphite

Analyse the relationship between mineral mining sites and rock types shown in Figure 9.

Figures 10a and 10b are in the insert.

Figure 10a shows selected gas pipelines and liquefied natural gas terminals in Europe in 2014.

Figure 10b shows gas consumption and the level of dependence on Russian gas in 2014.

Using Figure 10a, Figure 10b and your own knowledge, how far do you agree that geopolitics are important in ensuring energy security in Europe?

Assess the relative importance of climate and geology in the supply of water.

‘The environmental impacts of ore extraction will always be greater than that of water supply schemes.’

With reference to a major ore extraction scheme and a major water supply scheme, assess the extent to which you agree with this statement.