AQA A Level History Breadth Study: The Age of the Crusades, c1071-1204 June 2022 question paper 7042/1A

Using your understanding of the historical context, assess how convincing the arguments in these three extracts are in relation to the condition of Outremer in the 1120s and 1130s.

To what extent were those taking the Cross, in the years 1096 to 1146, motivated by a desire for economic gain rather than spiritual reward?

‘In the years 1171 to 1193, Saladin was primarily motivated by jihad.’

Assess the validity of this view.

‘The diversion of the Fourth Crusade to Constantinople in 1204 was the result of divisions between the Byzantine Empire and Latin Christians since the Second Crusade.’

Assess the validity of this view.