History · Edexcel 9HI0 · Paper 3 options: The making of modern Russia, 1855-1991 / The making of modern China, 1860-1997 · June 2023
Study Source 1 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.
Assess the value of the source for revealing the significance of the changes introduced by the October Manifesto and the attitude of Nicholas II towards these changes.
Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.
(20)
Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.
Assess the value of the source for revealing the reasons for the actions of the Japanese army at Nanjing in 1937 and the scale of the violence committed by the Japanese in the city.
Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.
(20)
How far was the failure of the Provisional government a consequence of its decision to continue Russia’s participation in the First World War?
(20)
To what extent was economic stagnation in the USSR the reason for the introduction of Gorbachev’s reform programme?
(20)
How important was the attitude of Empress Cixi in the development of the Boxer Rebellion in the years 1898–1900?
(20)
To what extent did China’s relationship with the USA improve in the years 1979–97?
(20)
7 ‘The most significant cause of peasants leaving the land, in the years 1855–1972, was action taken by Russian governments.’
How far do you agree with this statement?
(20)
8 ‘Of all the initiatives taken by Russian governments to improve agricultural production, in the years 1861–1991, collectivisation was the greatest failure.’
How far do you agree with this statement?
(20)
How accurate is it to say that, in the years 1860–1978, Chinese governments largely failed in their attempts to improve internal communications?
(20)
‘In the years 1860–1997, the most successful ideas promoting economic growth in China were Chinese adaptations of western ideologies.’
How far do you agree with this statement?
(20)
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