Edexcel A Level History Paper 3 options: The making of modern Russia, 1855-1991 / The making of modern China, 1860-1997 June 2024 question paper 9HI0/38

Study Source 1 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing Khrushchev’s criticisms of Stalin at the Twentieth Party Congress in 1956 and the aims of de-Stalinisation.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing China’s position in international affairs in the early 1980s and the aims of its foreign policy.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

How accurate is it to say that the reform of the army was the most significant of all the political reforms undertaken by Alexander II in the years 1855–70?

To what extent was the collapse of Soviet communism in 1991 due to factors beyond Gorbachev’s control?

5 ‘Foreign language schools had little impact in China in the years 1860–70.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

To what extent was the breakdown in relations between China and the USSR, in the years 1958–69, due to the personality of Chairman Mao?

7 ‘In the years 1855–1979, the introduction of the NEP was the most significant action taken by government to improve the status and condition of the Russian peasantry.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

To what extent were food shortages in Russia, in the years 1861–1979, a consequence of the failure of government agricultural policy?

How accurate is it to say that, in the years 1860–1978, Chinese governments largely failed to develop mining and manufacturing?

‘Deng Xiaoping was by far the most successful individual in the promotion of economic growth in China in the years 1860–1997.’

How far do you agree with this statement?