Edexcel A Level History Paper 3 options: The making of modern Russia, 1855-1991 / The making of modern China, 1860-1997 November 2021 question paper 9HI0/38

Study Source 1 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing the reasons for Alexander II’s introduction of legal reforms in Russia in 1864 and the changes proposed by the reforms to the operation of the legal system.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing the state of Sino-Soviet relations in 1966 and the reasons for disagreement between China and the USSR.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

To what extent was the impact of the Russo-Japanese war responsible for the unrest in Russia in the years 1905–06?

How significant were Nicholas II’s personal failings in the fall of Tsardom in February 1917?

5 ‘The most important consequence of China’s defeat by Japan in 1895 was the extension in influence of the European powers in China.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

To what extent was the Marco Polo Bridge Incident the cause of war between China and Japan in 1937?

7 ‘In the years 1855–1979, the most successful attempts by government to improve the status and condition of the peasantry came under the Tsars.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

How accurate is to say that the initiatives introduced by Khrushchev were the most significant attempts to improve the productivity of Russian agriculture in the years 1861–1991?

How accurate is it to say that the most significant improvement made to China’s communications network, in the years 1860–1997, was the growth of the railways?

In the years 1860–1997, how significant to China’s economic growth was the rejection of traditional values by the May the Fourth Movement (1915–24)?