The making of modern China

Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing China’s position following the Sino-Japanese war of 1894–95 and the aims of the Japanese government in China at this time.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

To what extent was the Tianjin Massacre of 1870 a consequence of the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin (1860)?

6 ‘The outbreak of all-out war in 1937 was largely due to the weak response of Jiang Jieshi’s government toward Japan since 1931.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

9 ‘The Great Leap Forward (1958–61) was the most important turning point in the development of China’s economy in the years 1860–1997.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

‘Throughout the years 1860–1997, the application of western technologies was always important to Chinese industry.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing China’s position in international affairs in the early 1980s and the aims of its foreign policy.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

5 ‘Foreign language schools had little impact in China in the years 1860–70.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

To what extent was the breakdown in relations between China and the USSR, in the years 1958–69, due to the personality of Chairman Mao?

How accurate is it to say that, in the years 1860–1978, Chinese governments largely failed to develop mining and manufacturing?

‘Deng Xiaoping was by far the most successful individual in the promotion of economic growth in China in the years 1860–1997.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing the reasons for the actions of the Japanese army at Nanjing in 1937 and the scale of the violence committed by the Japanese in the city.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

How important was the attitude of Empress Cixi in the development of the Boxer Rebellion in the years 1898–1900?

To what extent did China’s relationship with the USA improve in the years 1979–97?

How accurate is it to say that, in the years 1860–1978, Chinese governments largely failed in their attempts to improve internal communications?

‘In the years 1860–1997, the most successful ideas promoting economic growth in China were Chinese adaptations of western ideologies.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing China’s policy regarding the return of Hong Kong to Chinese rule and the relationship between China and Britain in the mid-1980s.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

5 ‘The most important consequence of the Treaty of Tianjin, in the years 1860–70, was the growth of British influence in Shanghai and the Yangtze valley.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

To what extent did the relationship between China and the Soviet Union change in the years 1958–69?

9 ‘Chinese mining and manufacturing developed steadily throughout the years 1860–1997.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

How significant was the role of Sung Tzu-wen (TV Soong) in the promotion of economic growth in China in the years 1860–1997?

Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing the state of Sino-Soviet relations in 1966 and the reasons for disagreement between China and the USSR.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

5 ‘The most important consequence of China’s defeat by Japan in 1895 was the extension in influence of the European powers in China.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

To what extent was the Marco Polo Bridge Incident the cause of war between China and Japan in 1937?

How accurate is it to say that the most significant improvement made to China’s communications network, in the years 1860–1997, was the growth of the railways?

In the years 1860–1997, how significant to China’s economic growth was the rejection of traditional values by the May the Fourth Movement (1915–24)?

Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing the nature of the Boxer Rebellion and the extent of the threat it posed to foreigners in China.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing the nature of the Boxer Rebellion and the extent of the threat it posed to foreigners in China.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

5 ‘The main reason for China’s successful resistance to Japan, in the years 1937–41, was the support of the USA.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

5 ‘The main reason for China’s successful resistance to Japan, in the years 1937–41, was the support of the USA.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

6 ‘Disagreements over Hong Kong’s form of government seriously hindered negotiations between China and Britain about the return of Hong Kong.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

6 ‘Disagreements over Hong Kong’s form of government seriously hindered negotiations between China and Britain about the return of Hong Kong.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

How accurate is it to say that technological innovation in the digital age was the most successful boost given to Chinese manufacturing in the years 1897–1997?

How accurate is it to say that technological innovation in the digital age was the most successful boost given to Chinese manufacturing in the years 1897–1997?

To what extent were the ideas behind the Great Leap Forward the most significant change in Chinese economic thinking in the years 1860–1997?

To what extent were the ideas behind the Great Leap Forward the most significant change in Chinese economic thinking in the years 1860–1997?

Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing the causes of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and Jiang Jieshi’s (Chiang Kai-shek’s) response to it.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

How significant was the role of foreign missions and missionaries in the growth of anti-western feeling in China in the years 1860-70?

How accurate is it to say that the Sino-Soviet split, in the years 1958-69, was caused mainly by ideological differences?

9 ‘The greatest encouragement given to Chinese industry, in the years 1860-1997, came under the communists.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

In promoting the growth of the Chinese economy in the years 1860-1961, how significant were the ideas of the Self-Strengthening Movement of the 1860s and 1870s?

Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

Assess the value of the source for revealing the arguments of those in favour of adopting Western ideas in China during the 1860s and the nature of the opposition they faced.

Explain your answer, using the source, the information given about its origin and your own knowledge about the historical context.

5 ‘The Boxer Rebellion was caused mainly by the mistakes of China’s leaders in the years 1898–1900.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

How accurate is it to say that China’s relationship with the rest of the world improved massively in the years 1978–97?

How accurate is it to say that transport improvements were the most important factor in the growth of Chinese industry in the years 1860–1997?

‘Mao Zedong was the most successful individual in promoting economic growth in China in the years 1860–1997.’

How far do you agree with this statement?