Sexually transmitted infections

Figure 15 shows the number of new cases of chlamydia diagnosed in England from 2013 to 2022.

Which type of organism causes chlamydia?

Calculate the increase in the number of new cases of chlamydia diagnosed from 2020 to 2022.

Tuberculosis is a disease that is spread through airborne droplets.

Give two ways of reducing or preventing the spread of tuberculosis.

Obesity is a risk factor for some non‑communicable diseases.

State why liver disease is a non-communicable disease.

The waist‑to‑hip ratio can be used to show if excess weight is a health risk.

An adult has a waist measurement of 80 cm and a hip measurement of 90 cm.

Calculate the waist‑to‑hip ratio for this adult, using the equation:

Give your answer to two decimal places.

waist‑to‑hip ratio_........

Figure 16 shows the health risk of some waist‑to‑hip ratios.

Explain the health risk for a female with a waist‑to‑hip ratio of 0.75.

Cancer occurs when cell division by mitosis is uncontrolled.

Describe the properties of cells produced by mitosis.

Figure 17 shows the number of people diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the UK during 2017.

State the sexually transmitted infection that has the median number of people diagnosed.

The population of the UK in 2017 was 66 million people.

Calculate the total number of people diagnosed with chlamydia in the UK in 2017.

State why chlamydia can be described as a communicable disease.

Give one way the transmission of chlamydia can be prevented.

Explain why chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics.

*(b) When a person is infected with a disease, the immune system will respond to protect their body.

Explain how the immune system will respond to an infection caused by bacteria.

Figure 2 shows the number of people diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the UK during 2017.

State the sexually transmitted infection that has the median number of people diagnosed.

The population of the UK in 2017 was 66 million people.

Calculate the total number of people diagnosed with chlamydia in the UK in 2017.

State why chlamydia can be described as a communicable disease.

Give one way the transmission of chlamydia can be prevented.

Explain why chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics.

HIV is another sexually transmitted infection.

Explain how HIV can lead to the onset of AIDS.

Chlamydia is caused by a pathogen.

Chlamydia is transmitted by

The type of pathogen that causes chlamydia is a

Figure 3 shows the number of cases of chlamydia in the United Kingdom per 100 000 people between 1996 and 2013.

Describe the trend in the number of cases of chlamydia between 1996 and 2013.

State the number of cases of chlamydia per 100 000 in 2013.

The population of the United Kingdom in 2013 was 64 000 000.

Calculate the number of people with chlamydia in 2013.

LDL cholesterol is a type of cholesterol which increases the risk of heart disease.

Statins are drugs used to reduce LDL cholesterol levels.

Figure 12 shows the cholesterol levels in the blood of a man.

He started taking statins at the beginning of February and stopped taking them four months later.

Describe the effect of statins on LDL cholesterol levels in the blood.

Use data from the graph to support your answer.

Use evidence from the graph to explain why statins are usually prescribed as life-long medication.

Which data can be used to calculate the man’s BMI?

*(c) Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection.

Figure 13 shows the number of people diagnosed with gonorrhoea in the UK.

Explain how gonorrhoea is transmitted and how the number of people infected can be reduced.

Use data from the graph to justify why it is necessary to reduce the number of people infected.