Non-communicable disease

Which is the reason why obesity is a non-communicable disease?

Several factors affect the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Figure 7 shows different BMI ranges and their weight descriptions.

A person has a BMI of 39.0

Explain the risk of this person developing cardiovascular disease.

Changes in lifestyle can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

State two other treatments for cardiovascular disease.

Figure 8 shows the percentage of people who smoked cigarettes in England from 2011 to 2019.

State the trend shown in the graph from 2011 to 2019.

Give two reasons for this change in the number of people smoking cigarettes.

Draw a line on Figure 8 to show the likely trend in the percentage of people smoking cigarettes from 2019 to 2041.

Smoking cigarettes can increase the risk of people developing cancer.

Which is the description of cancer?

A person’s mass is partially influenced by the alleles they inherit from their parents.

Give two other factors that can influence a person’s mass.

Figure 14 shows the data obtained from a patient by a doctor doing a health check.

The guidance used by the doctor is also listed in Figure 14.

Comment on the data and the health risks to this patient.

* (c) The doctor also tested the reaction time of the patient.

Describe the structure and function of a reflex arc.

Alcohol is broken down by liver cells.

Which process moves alcohol from the blood into the liver cells?

If a person drinks too much alcohol, liver cells die and the person can develop cirrhosis of the liver.

The relative risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver is affected by two factors.

1. The volume of alcohol a person drinks in one week.

2. Whether the person drinks the alcohol on its own or with a meal.

Figure 7 shows how these two factors affect the relative risk of people developing cirrhosis of the liver.

Number of units of alcohol consumed per week

Figure 7

Person A drinks alcohol on its own.

Person B drinks alcohol with their meals.

Calculate the difference in risk for these two people when each one drinks 28 units of alcohol per week.

Using evidence from Figure 7, state two pieces of health advice for people about drinking alcohol.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that can also cause liver disease.

State where genes are found in cells.

Figure 8 shows the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in a family.

F represents the dominant allele that does not cause cystic fibrosis.

f represents the recessive allele that causes cystic fibrosis.

person C person D
person E (ff)

A scientist states that the genotype of person B is Ff.

Explain why the scientist is correct.

State the genotype of person C.

A student placed three different sized cubes of agar jelly into separate beakers containing the same concentration of hydrochloric acid.

The cubes contained a pink indicator.

This indicator becomes clear when in contact with an acid.

Figure 7 shows the results of the investigation after the cubes had been in the acid for 120 seconds.

The distance from the outside of cube B to the pink area was 3 mm.

Calculate the distance diffused by hydrochloric acid in one second.

The student wanted to confirm their results.

Give one improvement the student should make to this investigation to confirm their results.

Devise a method, using cubes of agar jelly, to investigate how temperature affects the rate of diffusion.

Some substances move into and out of cells by active transport.

Which is the correct description of the movement of a substance by active transport?

Some drugs used to treat cancer are taken into cells by active transport.

Figure 8 shows some causes of preventable cases of cancer in 2015.

What is the percentage of preventable cases of cancer that are caused by tobacco?

In 2015, data from Cancer Research UK suggested that 163 440 cases of cancer could have been prevented.

Calculate the number of preventable cases of cancer caused by alcohol.

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

number of preventable cases of cancer caused by alcohol_........

Cirrhosis is a disease caused by prolonged alcohol abuse.

Prolonged alcohol abuse causes cirrhosis of the

Give one reason why cirrhosis is described as a non-communicable disease.

Obesity increases the risk of a person developing cardiovascular disease.

Losing weight can reduce the risk of this disease occurring.

Explain why exercise can cause weight loss.

Figure 8 shows a gastric band fitted to a stomach.

Explain how a gastric band helps a person to lose weight.

BMI and waist: hip ratio can be used to find out if a person is obese.

Figure 9 shows some data for two males.

BMI is calculated using the equation:

Male B has a mass of 72 kg and a height of 1.81 m.

Calculate the BMI of male B.

Give the answer to 3 significant figures.

Figure 10 shows the interpretation of BMI values.

Males with a waist: hip ratio above 0.90 are defined as abdominally obese.

Explain what the BMI and waist: hip ratio for male A shows about his weight distribution.