Edexcel GCSE Biology Paper 1 Foundation June 2023 question paper 1BI0/1F

Figure 1 shows an animal cell.

Which part of the cell is labelled Y?

Which structures are found in the part labelled Z?

Name the part of an animal cell where respiration occurs.

A microscope can be used to observe the structure of a cell.

Figure 2 shows a microscope.

Give one advantage of using a microscope to look at cells.

Draw one straight line from each part of the microscope to its function.

Figure 3 shows some of the units used when cells and organelles are measured.

Give the name of the smallest unit shown in Figure 3.

Figure 4 shows fossils in different layers of rock.

Which layer of rock is likely to contain the most recent fossils?

Figure 5 shows some stone tools from two different periods of time.

Explain one difference between tool A and tools B, C and D.

Our human ancestors domesticated animals.

Animals were domesticated to use as working animals and to keep as pets.

Use words from the box to complete the sentences.

Animals with the most desirable_........ were bred together.

This is called_........ breeding.

Scientists have analysed the genomes of domestic animals.

Which is the definition of a genome?

Give one advantage of domesticating animals.

Figure 6 shows the bones in the limbs of a bird and a whale.

The bird and the whale have evolved from a common ancestor.

Give one way the structure of these limbs provides evidence for this evolution.

Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Which scientist worked with Darwin on the theory of evolution by natural selection?

DNA is found in bones and stem cells.

Suggest one reason why DNA is found in bones.

Describe how stem cells help animals to grow.

Scientists have transplanted stem cells into the retina of the eye.

Name one type of light sensitive cell found in the retina.

Explain one reason for transplanting stem cells into the retina.

Which is the reason why obesity is a non-communicable disease?

Several factors affect the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Figure 7 shows different BMI ranges and their weight descriptions.

A person has a BMI of 39.0

Explain the risk of this person developing cardiovascular disease.

Changes in lifestyle can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

State two other treatments for cardiovascular disease.

Figure 8 shows the percentage of people who smoked cigarettes in England from 2011 to 2019.

State the trend shown in the graph from 2011 to 2019.

Give two reasons for this change in the number of people smoking cigarettes.

Draw a line on Figure 8 to show the likely trend in the percentage of people smoking cigarettes from 2019 to 2041.

Smoking cigarettes can increase the risk of people developing cancer.

Which is the description of cancer?

A student investigated the antibiotic properties of garlic.

Bacteria were spread on an agar plate.

A paper disc was soaked in garlic extract and placed on this agar plate.

Figure 9 shows the agar plate after 24 hours.

Suggest why there is an area with no bacterial growth.

The student repeated the investigation using three separate agar plates with different concentrations of garlic extract.

Figure 10 shows the results.

The concentrations of garlic extract used were 10 mg/cm³, 40 mg/cm³ and 100 mg/cm³.

Explain which agar plate, shown in Figure 10, has the paper disc containing the 100 mg/cm³ garlic extract.

Give one way the student could improve their results.

The area with no bacterial growth for agar plate B has a radius of 5 mm.

Calculate the area with no bacterial growth for agar plate B.

The area of a circle is πr².

Use π = 3.14

Figure 11 shows bacteria being spread on an agar plate.

State the reason for heating the spreader in the flame of a Bunsen burner before use.

Give two other ways of working safely with microorganisms.

Figure 12 shows some characteristics of pea plants.

The allele for purple flowers is dominant to the allele for white flowers.

Which term describes the allele for white flowers?

A scientist crossed a pea plant that produced round seeds (Rr) with a pea plant that produced wrinkled seeds (rr).

Complete the Punnett square.

State the percentage of the offspring that will produce round seeds.

The scientist crossed two purple flowering pea plants.

The offspring were:

• 133 plants with purple flowers

• 46 plants with white flowers

Calculate the ratio of offspring with purple flowers to offspring with white flowers.

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

Explain why it was possible for this cross to produce some offspring with white flowers.

The cells in pea plants are diploid.

These cells have 14 chromosomes.

Explain why pea plant gametes have only seven chromosomes.

Describe what happens at fertilisation.

The growth of crop plants, such as wheat, can be improved by the use of fertilisers and the control of pests.

Figure 13 shows the mass of grains produced by wheat plants grown in soil without fertiliser and in soil with fertiliser.

Give one effect on the grains produced, when wheat plants are grown in soil with fertiliser.

Explain why farmers measure the mass of 1000 grains rather than the mass of one wheat grain.

Biological control can be used to reduce pest damage on crops.

Which is the definition of biological control?

Figure 14 shows a crop being grown under a clear plastic cover and a crop being grown in a garden.

Explain why biological control would be more successful when a crop is grown under a clear plastic cover.

* (d) Figure 15 shows corn damaged by an insect pest.

Scientists have genetically modified (GM) corn plants to be

• resistant to insects

• resistant to weedkillers

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of growing GM corn plants.

Apple trees show genetic variation.

State one possible cause of genetic variation in apple trees.

The colour of an apple is an observable characteristic.

Which is the term for an observable characteristic?

Name the type of reproduction that produces genetically identical organisms.

Grafting is a technique used to grow some varieties of apple tree.

Figure 16 shows apple tree shoots grafted on to a rootstock.

Grafting can be used to produce apple trees that are genetically identical.

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of growing genetically identical apple trees.

advantage

disadvantage

As apples ripen, enzymes convert starch into sugars.

Devise a method to find the optimum pH of an enzyme that breaks down starch.

You may use standard laboratory equipment and the solutions listed in the box.

The optimum pH of an enzyme is pH 6.

Explain why this enzyme would not work at pH 10.

Figure 17 shows colonies of bacteria growing on an agar plate.

Each colony starts as one bacterium.

Every time bacteria reproduce, the number of bacteria in each colony doubles.

Calculate the number of bacteria in a colony after five hours, if each bacterium reproduces every 30 minutes.

Some bacteria are pathogens.

State the meaning of the term pathogen.

Explain why antibiotics can be used to treat bacterial infections.

A rod-shaped bacterium is 0.005 mm long.

A student draws the rod-shaped bacterium.

The bacterium in the drawing is 80 mm long.

Calculate the magnification of this drawing.

* (c) Figure 18 shows a bacterial cell and a plant cell.

Describe the similarities and differences of a bacterial cell and a plant cell.

An optician tested the eyesight of 240 people.

35% of these people could read the normal vision row without wearing glasses.

The rest of the people need glasses to correct their vision.

Calculate the number of people who need glasses to correct their vision.

An optician can use the chart to diagnose short-sightedness.

Give one reason why people are short-sighted.

Which diagram shows how short-sightedness can be corrected?

Cataracts can affect a person’s vision.

Figure 20 shows what a person with normal vision and a person with cataracts can see for the top letter on the optician’s chart.

person with normal vision person with cataracts

Figure 20

Describe why a person with cataracts would see the image shown in Figure 20.

State the treatment for cataracts.

Figure 21 shows the structure of the brain.

Which region of the brain is labelled structure X?

When a person reacts to a stimulus, messages from the brain are sent to their muscles.

Describe how messages are sent from the brain to muscles.