Edexcel GCSE Biology Paper 1 Foundation November 2021 question paper 1BI0/1F

1 (a) Animals and plants are made of cells. Figure 1 shows two types of cell from a human.

cheek cell sperm cell

Figure 1

(i) Which part of the cheek cell is labelled W?

(ii) Which labelled part of the sperm cell is also found in the cheek cell?

(b) Name the part of a plant cell that gives the cell support and protection.

(c) Some cells contain starch. Describe the chemical test for starch.

(d) Figure 2 shows the results of some food tests.

(i) Give the letter of the food sample that contains fat.

(ii) Give the letter of the food sample that contains reducing sugars and protein.

2 Figure 3 shows a cell from an onion root tip. This cell is dividing by mitosis.

(a) (i) Which structure is labelled Z?

(ii) Mitosis produces new cells. Give two reasons why mitosis is important in living things.

(iii) Draw one straight line from each stage of the cell cycle to its description.

stage of cell cycle description

(b) A student is preparing a microscope slide of plant cells.

(i) State what can be added to the slide to make the plant cells more visible.

(ii) The microscope has two lenses:

• an eyepiece lens with 10 magnification

• an objective lens with 40 magnification

Which is the total magnification of this microscope?

(c) Name one part of a light microscope that can be moved to obtain a clear image of plant cells.

3 (a) Sickle cell disease is a recessive genetic disorder in humans.

(i) Two parents are heterozygous for sickle cell disease. Complete the Punnett square to show the possible genotypes of their children.

(ii) State the percentage probability that their children could have sickle cell disease.

(iii) A father with the genotype dd and a mother with the genotype DD plan to have several children. Explain why none of their children will have sickle cell disease.

(b) Figure 4 shows some information about two types of cattle.

Describe how these types of cattle could be selectively bred to produce cattle that can survive high temperatures and have good meat quality.

(c) Figure 5 shows the leaf of a wheat plant with a fungal disease.

(Source: © Kazakov Maksim/Shutterstock)

Figure 5

Give two benefits of breeding wheat plants that are resistant to fungal disease.

4 (a) A calorimeter can be used to measure the energy content of food. Figure 6 shows a simple calorimeter.

(i) Use words from the box to complete the sentences.

air clamp food

The stirrer distributes heat evenly in the_{..............................................................}.

The calorimeter has a_{..............................................................} to prevent the loss of heat.

(ii) This calorimeter was used to measure the energy content of a piece of cheese. Figure 7 shows some of the results.

Calculate the energy content of this piece of cheese.

Use the equation energy in joules (J) = mass of water 4.2 temperature change

energy content of the piece of cheese =_{..............................................................}

(iii) The same method was used to calculate the energy content of a different type of cheese. The results are shown in Figure 8.

Explain one reason why the results are different for this type of cheese.

(b) Body mass index (BMI) is calculated using the equation:

(i) Person A is 1.8 m tall and has a mass of 64.8 kg. Calculate the BMI of person A.

(ii) Figure 9 shows some information about BMI.

Person B has a BMI of 18.5. Which category is correct for person B?

(iii) Person C has a BMI of 28.5. Explain one way person C could change their lifestyle to reach a healthy weight.

5 (a) Carrots have different physical characteristics such as colour. Which genetic term describes the physical characteristics of a carrot?

(b) Figure 10 shows some carrot sticks.

(Source: © rukxstockphoto/Shutterstock)

Figure 10

A student chose three carrot sticks and weighed each one. The carrot sticks were placed in 50 cm³ of distilled water. After two hours the student weighed each carrot stick again. Figure 11 shows the results for these carrot sticks P, Q and R.

Figure 11

(i) Give one reason why the student used three carrot sticks instead of just one carrot stick.

(ii) Give two ways that this method could be improved.

(iii) Calculate the percentage change in mass of carrot stick Q.

Use the equation

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

percentage change =_{..............................................................}

(iv) Explain the change in mass of the carrot sticks.

6 (a) Why are enzymes called biological catalysts?

(b) Many cells contain an enzyme called catalase. Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. A scientist investigated the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on the time taken to produce 20 cm of oxygen. time taken to produce 20 cm³ of oxygen. Figure 12 shows the equipment used.

(i) State how the scientist could control the temperature of the flask.

(ii) Explain why the temperature should be controlled in this investigation.

(iii) This investigation used five different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Figure 13 shows the results of this investigation.

Figure 13

Complete the graph by plotting the points and drawing a line to show the trend in the data. The first point has been plotted for you.

35 X

time taken to 20 collect 20 cm of oxygen in seconds

concentration of hydrogen peroxide in arbitrary units

(iv) Describe the trend shown in the graph. Use data from the table in Figure 13 to support your answer.

7 (a) Figure 14 shows the limbs of some animals.

Figure 14

Describe how these limbs provide evidence for evolution.

(b) Prickly pear cacti are weeds that grow in many countries. Insects have been used to limit the population of prickly pear cacti. Figure 15 shows some insects on a prickly pear cactus.

(Source: © Catherine Eckert/Shutterstock)

Figure 15

(i) Which is the name of this method of limiting the population of weeds?

(ii) Give two benefits of using insects, rather than chemicals, on prickly pear cacti.

* (c) Some crop plants have been genetically modified to be resistant to insect pests. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of producing genetically modified crop plants.

8 (a) Motor neurones are found in the nervous system. Figure 16 shows a motor neurone.

Figure 16

(i) Draw an arrow on Figure 16 to show the direction of travel of an electrical impulse along the motor neurone.

(ii) Name both structure K and structure L.

(b) Figure 17 shows part of a reflex arc in the spinal cord. sensory neurone

relay neurone

Figure 17

(i) Describe how an impulse passes from the relay neurone to the motor neurone.

(ii) Explain the function of a reflex arc.

(c) A scientist investigated the reaction times of five students using a computer program. The computer screen showed a blue square at the start. As soon as the blue square turned yellow, each student had to press a key on the keyboard as fast as possible. Figure 18 shows the results for the five students.

Figure 18

(i) Which is the median result for these students?

(ii) The scientist wanted to investigate if the colours of the squares used on the computer program affected reaction time. The computer program started with blue squares that turned into yellow squares. Describe how the scientist could compare the reaction times of these students when they respond to red squares turning into yellow squares.

9 (a) Name the organisation which defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

(b) Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease.

(i) State two ways that communicable diseases are different from non-communicable diseases.

(ii) Explain one way that the spread of tuberculosis (TB) can be reduced or prevented.

* (c) Describe how the physical barriers and chemical defences of the human body provide protection from diseases.

10 Streptococcus mutans is one species of bacteria which causes tooth decay. A scientist tested the effectiveness of toothpaste at killing this species of bacteria. The scientist spread the bacteria Streptococcus mutans across an agar jelly plate.

(a) (i) Which word describes the techniques used to prevent contamination of the agar jelly plate?

(ii) Give two precautions needed to prevent contamination of the agar jelly plate.

(b) The scientist placed a filter paper disc soaked in toothpaste mixed with saliva (disc A) on one half of the agar jelly plate. A filter paper disc soaked in only saliva (disc B) was placed on the other half of the agar jelly plate. The agar jelly plate was kept at 37°C for 24 hours. Figure 20 shows the results.

Figure 20

(i) The diameter of the zone of inhibition around disc A is 9 mm. Calculate the area of this zone of inhibition using the equation πr². Use a value of 3.14 for π. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

(ii) Give a reason why disc B, soaked in only saliva, was included in this test.

(iii) Suggest two reasons why this test does not prove that toothpaste kills all bacteria on teeth.

(c) Before a new toothpaste can be sold, the toothpaste has to be tested on cultured human cells. Cultured human cells were placed into four identical flasks. Saliva was added to each flask and a different brand of toothpaste was added to each of three flasks. The human cells were left for two hours and the percentage of cells that were healthy was recorded. Figure 21 shows the results.

Figure 21

Explain the conclusion that can be made from this data.