AQA GCSE Chemistry Paper 2 Foundation June 2025 question paper 8462/2F

This question is about chemical analysis.

Some metal ions can be identified using a flame test.

Describe how to do a flame test using a metal wire and a Bunsen burner.

Draw one line from each metal ion to the flame colour produced by the metal ion.

Which gas is produced when carbonates are reacted with dilute acids?

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Which solution is used to test for sulfate ions?

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Precipitates are used to identify some ions.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

gas liquid solid

Some metal ions in solution can be identified by adding sodium hydroxide solution.

Draw one line from each metal ion to the colour of the precipitate produced by the metal ion.

Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution were added to a solution containing iodide ions.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

Alkanes and alkenes are hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbon molecules are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.

An alkene has the formula C₃H₆

Which alkene has the formula C₃H₆?

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How many atoms are there in a molecule of C₃H₆?

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Which is a use of C₃H₆?

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The percentage (%) by mass of each element in a molecule of C₃H₆ is:

hydrogen 14%

carbon 86%.

Figure 1 shows the percentage by mass of hydrogen in a molecule of C₃H₆

Complete Figure 1.

You should:

• complete the y-axis scale

• plot the percentage by mass of carbon as a bar

• label the bar plotted for carbon.

Alkanes can be cracked to produce alkenes and smaller alkane molecules.

Describe a test for alkenes.

Give the result of the test.

C₁₀H₂₂ can be cracked to produce C₃H₆ and an alkane.

Complete the equation for the reaction.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

ceramics fertilisers fuels

High temperatures between 450 °C and 750 °C are used in cracking reactions.

Which statement describes the molecules at 750 °C compared with the molecules at 450 °C?

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How does the rate of reaction at 750 °C compare with the rate of reaction at 450 °C?

Cement, concrete and steel are building materials.

Cement contains calcium oxide.

Calcium oxide reacts with water to produce calcium hydroxide.

The equation for the reaction is:

How does the equation show that this reaction is reversible?

The forward reaction is exothermic.

What type of reaction is the reverse reaction?

When excess water is added to 20 g of calcium oxide, 23 kJ of energy is released.

Calculate the energy released when excess water is added to 4 g of calcium oxide.

Pre-stressed concrete contains steel wires within the concrete.

Figure 2 shows the structure of a piece of pre-stressed concrete.

Pre-stressed concrete is a composite.

Draw one line from each component of a composite to a material in pre-stressed concrete.

Component of composite Material in pre-stressed concrete

Which metal do all steels contain?

Bricks are also building materials.

Bricks are ceramics.

Which material is used to make bricks?

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Ammonia is produced in the Haber process.

The word equation for the reaction to produce ammonia is:

Draw one line from each element to a source of that element.

Ammonia is a gas at room temperature.

Figure 3 shows how ammonia is produced from nitrogen and hydrogen.

Which process takes place at X in Figure 3 ?

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Complete the sentence.

Use Figure 3.

Table 1 shows the world production of ammonia between 1990 and 2020.

How did the world production of ammonia change between 1990 and 2020?

Use Table 1.

Determine the mean change in mass of ammonia produced per year between 2000 and 2020.

Use Table 1 and the equation:

Most of the ammonia produced in the Haber process is used to make fertilisers.

Which is a reason for the change in the world production of ammonia shown in Table 1 ?

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Fertilisers produced using ammonia contain nitrogen.

Which two compounds used in fertilisers contain nitrogen?

Use the periodic table.

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This question is about chromatography.

Figure 4 shows some equipment used for paper chromatography.

Complete Figure 4 to show how the equipment can be used to separate the dyes in an ink.

You should draw and label:

a piece of chromatography paper in the beaker

a start line on the chromatography paper

a spot of the ink on the chromatography paper at the start of the experiment.

Why should a pencil be used to draw the start line on the chromatography paper?

The R_f value of a dye was 0.80

A spot of the dye moved a distance of 5.2 cm.

Calculate the distance moved by the solvent.

Use the equation:

distance moved by spot R = distance moved by solvent

How is the distance moved by the spot of the dye measured?

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Which two changes could produce a different R_f value for this dye?

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A different dye is a pure substance.

How many spots will this dye produce during chromatography?

Which is an advantage of using gas chromatography instead of paper chromatography?

Choose the answer from the box.

less sensitive more accurate slower

Gas chromatography is.

The Earth’s atmosphere has changed over time.

Figure 5 shows the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere between 4.5 billion and 2.75 billion years ago.

Complete Figure 5.

You should extend the line of best fit to the plotted point at 2.75 billions of years ago.

What was the percentage (%) of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere 3.75 billions of years ago?

Use Figure 5.

The percentage of carbon dioxide changed between 4.5 and 3.0 billion years ago.

Which was a cause of this change?

Use Figure 5.

Tick () one box.

Table 2 shows information about the percentage of nitrogen present in the Earth’s atmosphere.

The percentage of nitrogen changed between 4.5 and 2.5 billion years ago.

Which was a cause of this change?

Use Table 2.

Tick () one box.

When did the percentage of nitrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere become similar to the percentage of nitrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere today?

Use Table 2.

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Which two gases may also have been present in the Earth’s early atmosphere?

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Name the process that started to produce oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere 2.7 billion years ago.

This question is about gold.

18 carat gold is an alloy containing 75% by mass of gold.

Calculate the mass of gold in a 4 g jewellery ring made from 18 carat gold.

What is the simplest whole-number ratio of the mass of gold: mass of other metals in 18 carat gold?

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What other two metals may also be present in 18 carat gold?

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Figure 6 represents the structure of 18 carat gold and of 24 carat gold.

Explain why 18 carat gold is harder than 24 carat gold.

Gold is used to make jewellery.

Give one reason why iron is not used to make jewellery.

A student investigated the mass of dissolved solids in sea water.

This is the method used.

1. Weigh an empty evaporating basin.

2. Measure 10.0 cm³ of sea water sample A into the evaporating basin using a burette.

3. Heat the evaporating basin until all the water seems to have evaporated.

4. Weigh the evaporating basin and contents.

5. Calculate the mass of dissolved solids in the sample.

6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 with sea water samples B, C and D.

Why did the student use a burette rather than a measuring cylinder to measure

What was the dependent variable in this investigation?

Describe how the student could make sure all of the water had evaporated in step 3.

How did the student calculate the mass of dissolved solids in each sea water sample?

Table 3 shows the results.

Calculate the mean concentration of dissolved solids in 10.0 cm³ samples of sea water A, B, C and D.

Use Table 3 and the equation:

Suggest why sea water samples A, B, C and D contain different masses of dissolved solids.

This question is about hydrocarbon fuels.

Figure 7 represents the process used to separate hydrocarbon fuels from crude oil.

Name the process represented by Figure 7.

Changes of state take place during the process in Figure 7.

Name the change of state taking place in:

the heater

the column.

Different fuels are obtained from crude oil at the points on Figure 7 labelled A to E.

Table 4 shows the boiling point ranges of different fuels obtained from the process in Figure 7.

Which fuel is obtained at B in the column?

Use Figure 7 and Table 4.

Fuels with higher boiling point ranges contain larger molecules.

What is the order of increasing flammability of the fuels?

Use Table 4.

Tick () one box.

Liquified petroleum gases are a mixture of several different hydrocarbons.

Figure 8 shows a model of one of these hydrocarbons.

Write the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon represented by the model in Figure 8

Name the hydrocarbon represented by the model in Figure 8.

Petroleum gases also contain a hydrocarbon with the formula C₃H₈

Balance the equation for the complete combustion of C₃H₈

Doors can be made from aluminium or wood.

Table 5 gives information about aluminium and wood.

Evaluate the use of aluminium and of wood for making doors.

Aluminium has an oxide coating that protects the metal from corrosion.

Explain how the oxide coating protects aluminium from corrosion.

Doors made from wood need painting to prevent rotting.

Paints are formulations made by mixing a solid pigment and a liquid.

Which statement describes the composition of a paint?

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