AQA GCSE Chemistry Paper 2 Foundation June 2024 question paper 8462/2F

This question is about hydrocarbons.

A hydrocarbon has the formula C₆H₁₄

Name the two elements in a hydrocarbon.

How many atoms are there in one molecule of C₆H₁₄?

Tick (✓) one box.

C₆H₁₄ is a member of a homologous series.

What is the general formula for the homologous series that contains C₆H₁₄?

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Which homologous series has C₆H₁₄ as a member?

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Complete Figure 1 to show the displayed structural formula of C₆H₁₄

Petrol contains C₆H₁₄

Petrol is burned in car engines.

What general name is used to describe petrol when petrol is burned to release energy?

Atmospheric pollutants are formed when C₆H₁₄ undergoes incomplete combustion.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

The solid atmospheric pollutant formed during incomplete combustion of C₆H₁₄ is

The gaseous atmospheric pollutant formed during incomplete combustion of C₆H₁₄ is

A different organic compound (C₁₂H₂₆) can be broken down to produce C₆H₁₄ and one other compound.

Complete the equation for the reaction.

The percentage by mass of each element in C₆H₁₄ is:

Complete Figure 2.

You should:

• label each element on the x-axis

• plot the percentage by mass of C in C₆H₁₄

This question is about burning coal.

A power station has four coal-burning furnaces.

Each furnace burns 3000 kg of coal per minute.

Table 1 shows some information about this coal burning power station

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

What is the effect on the rate of global climate change of using more furnaces in this power station?

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

The rate of global climate change

7000 kg of carbon dioxide are produced when 3000 kg of coal are burned.

Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide produced when 1 kilogram of coal is burned.

Complete the sentence.

Table 1 is repeated below.

Figure 3 shows how the mass of sulfur dioxide produced per minute varies with the mass of coal burned per minute.

Complete Figure 3.

You should:

plot data from Table 1 on Figure 3

draw a line of best fit.

Complete the sentence.

Use Table 1 and Figure 3.

As the mass of coal burned per minute increases, the mass of sulfur dioxide

produced per minute

This power station also releases particulates into the air.

Complete the sentence.

This question is about paper chromatography.

A student investigated substance Y using paper chromatography.

This is the method used.

1. Draw a start line in ink on a piece of chromatography paper.

2. Put spots of four different dyes, A, B, C and D, and a spot of substance Y on the start line.

3. Dip the paper into water so that the water level is below the start line.

4. Wait until the water has risen to near the top of the paper.

The student’s method contains a mistake in Step 1.

What is the mistake in Step 1 ?

Give one reason for your answer.

A different student used a method which gave valid results.

Figure 4 shows the results.

How many different dyes are in substance Y ?

Use Figure 4.

Which of the four dyes, A, B, C and D, could be in substance Y ?

Give one reason for your answer.

Use Figure 4.

Suggest why dye D remained on the start line at the end of the investigation.

Use Figure 4.

The student determined that:

the distance moved by the water was 6.0 cm

the distance moved by dye A was 2.4 cm.

Calculate the R_f value of dye A.

Use the equation:

distance moved by dye A R distance moved by water

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

This question is about the Earth’s atmosphere and naturally occurring polymers.

Figure 5 shows how the estimated percentage of nitrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere has changed since the Earth was formed.

Describe the trends shown by the graph.

Use data from Figure 5.

The percentage of oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere has increased since the Earth was formed.

This is because of photosynthesis.

The word equation for the photosynthesis reaction is:

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

What happened to the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere when photosynthesis began?

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The photosynthesis reaction takes in energy from the surroundings.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

Which two produce oxygen by photosynthesis?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

The glucose produced during photosynthesis can form naturally occurring polymers.

Which two are naturally occurring polymers that can be produced from glucose?

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DNA molecules contain two polymer chains.

A DNA molecule has a relative formula mass (M_r) of approximately 140 000 000 000

What is the approximate relative formula mass (M_r) of the DNA molecule in standard form?

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What is the approximate relative formula mass (M_r) of each polymer chain in the DNA molecule?

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Complete the sentence.

The shape of a DNA molecule is a double

How many different nucleotides are present in a molecule of DNA?

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A student investigated the rate of the reaction of sodium thiosulfate solution with hydrochloric acid.

When sodium thiosulfate solution reacts with hydrochloric acid, the mixture becomes cloudy.

Figure 6 shows the apparatus.

This is the method used.

1. Put 75 cm³ of sodium thiosulfate solution in a conical flask.

2. Draw a pencil cross on paper.

3. Put the conical flask on the pencil cross.

4. Add 15 cm³ of hydrochloric acid to the contents of the conical flask.

5. Swirl the conical flask to mix the contents and immediately start a timer.

6. Stop the timer when the pencil cross is no longer visible through the reaction mixture.

7. Repeat steps 1 to 6 using different concentrations of sodium thiosulfate solution.

Explain why a 50 cm³ conical flask is unsuitable to use in this method.

Name a piece of equipment suitable for measuring the volume of sodium thiosulfate solution.

The student measured the time taken for the pencil cross to be no longer visible for different concentrations of sodium thiosulfate solution.

Draw one line from each type of variable to the variable in this investigation.

Type of variable
Variable in this investigation

What effect will using a darker pencil cross have on the time taken for the cross to be no longer visible?

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Table 2 shows the results.

Which concentration of sodium thiosulfate solution had the highest rate of reaction?

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Increasing the concentration of sodium thiosulfate solution changes the rate of the reaction with hydrochloric acid.

Which two statements explain the effect of increasing the concentration?

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The effect on the time taken for the cross to disappear can also be investigated by:

changing the temperature of the hydrochloric acid

changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid.

Complete the sentences.

Choose the answers from the box.

If the temperature of the hydrochloric acid is increased, the time taken for the cross

If the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is decreased, the time taken for the

This question is about addition reactions.

Figure 7 shows the displayed structural formula of ethene.

Complete the sentence.

When bromine water is added to ethene, the bromine water changes from orange to

Chlorine reacts with ethene.

What is used to identify chlorine?

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Which of the following shows the displayed structural formula of the compound produced when chlorine reacts with ethene?

Use Figure 7.

Tick (✓) one box.

Chloroethene can be used to produce a polymer called poly(chloroethene).

The displayed structural formula of chloroethene is

Which represents the structure of poly(chloroethene)?

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Ethene can be used to produce another polymer called poly(ethene).

Table 3 shows information about poly(chloroethene) and poly(ethene).

Determine the simplest whole number ratio of the density of poly(chloroethene): density of poly(ethene).

Simplest whole number ratio =

Poly(ethene) and poly(chloroethene) can both be used to make pipes.

Suggest why neither polymer is suitable for pipes carrying steam at a temperature of 300 °C.

Use Table 3.

Poly(ethene) and paper can both be used to make shopping bags.

Poly(ethene) is produced from crude oil. Paper is produced from trees.

Suggest one reason why paper is more sustainable than poly(ethene) for making shopping bags.

This question is about materials.

Pre-stressed concrete is a composite material.

The concrete is strengthened using high carbon steel bars.

Figure 8 shows the structure of a piece of pre-stressed concrete.

Which two words describe the high carbon steel bars?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Limestone is mainly calcium carbonate.

Limestone is a raw material used in the production of concrete.

In the first part of the production of concrete:

• air is heated by burning methane

• the hot air is used to heat limestone

• the limestone decomposes.

The equation for the decomposition of limestone is:

calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

Give two ways in which a greenhouse gas is released in this process.

How could a sample of limestone be tested to show the presence of carbonate ions?

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

The substance added to the limestone is

The gas produced is identified using

Table 4 gives some information about plain concrete and pre-stressed concrete.

Explain why pre-stressed concrete rather than plain concrete is used to make bridges that carry heavy lorries.

Use Table 4.

Figure 9 shows a garden path made of plain concrete slabs.

Suggest two reasons why plain concrete rather than pre-stressed concrete is used to make slabs for garden paths.

Use Table 4.

A student investigated an aqueous solution of a salt.

The student identified that the salt solution contained only sodium ions and chloride ions.

Describe a test to identify sodium ions.

Give the result of the test.

Test for sodium ions

Describe a test to identify chloride ions.

Give the result of the test.

Test for chloride ions

The student determined the concentration of sodium chloride in the salt solution.

This is the method used.

1. Weigh an empty evaporating dish.

2. Add 25.0 cm³ of the salt solution into the evaporating dish.

3. Heat the evaporating dish and contents.

4. Weigh the evaporating dish and contents.

5. Repeat steps 3 to 4 until there is no further change in mass.

6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 three more times.

Why did the student heat the evaporating dish and contents until the mass did not change?

How did the student calculate the mass of solid sodium chloride remaining after steps 1 to 5?

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The student calculated the concentration of sodium chloride in the salt solution.

Table 5 shows the results.

The percentage by mass of sodium ions in sodium chloride is 39.3%.

Calculate the mean concentration of sodium ions in the salt solution.

This question is about ammonia and nitric acid.

In the Haber process ammonia is produced from nitrogen and hydrogen.

Figure 10 represents the Haber process.

Pipe P links the condenser to the reactor.

Why is the condenser linked to the reactor?

Use Figure 10.

Which metal is used as a catalyst in this reaction?

Nitric acid is produced by reacting ammonia with oxygen.

The word equation for the production of nitric acid is:

ammonia + oxygen → water + nitric acid

Platinum is a catalyst in this reaction.

Describe the test for oxygen gas.

Give the result if oxygen gas is present.

Figure 11 represents the reaction profile of the catalysed reaction between ammonia and oxygen.

Complete the reaction profile for the catalysed reaction in Figure 11.

You should:

label the activation energy

label the reactants and products, using the names of the reactants and products.

How would Figure 11 be different if no catalyst was used?

Tick (✓) one box.

Ammonia and nitric acid react to produce the salt, ammonium nitrate.

Ammonium ions and nitrate ions both contain nitrogen.

Suggest one use of ammonium nitrate.

This question is about water.

Hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to produce water.

Water is decomposed into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas using electricity.

Which two words describe the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Water molecules break down into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.

The equation for the reaction is:

Which sentence describes this reaction at equilibrium?

Tick (✓) one box.

Water collected from rivers is used in the home for drinking and flushing toilets.

Water used in the home must be potable.

Potable water is safe to drink.

Waste water produced after use in the home is called sewage.

Figure 12 shows how water is collected from rivers and returned to rivers after use.

Explain what happens to water in Process A and in Process B in Figure 12.

Do not refer to use of water in the home.