AQA GCSE Chemistry Paper 2 Foundation June 2019 question paper 8462/2F

This question is about drinking water.

There are two main steps in producing drinking water from fresh water.

Draw one line from each step to the reason for the step.

Which two substances are used to sterilise fresh water?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

A large amount of aluminium sulfate was accidentally added to the drinking water supply at a water treatment works.

Scientists tested a sample of the drinking water to show that it contained dissolved solids.

Which two methods show the presence of dissolved solids in the sample of drinking water?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Scientists tested two water samples from the drinking water supply.

The scientists tested one sample for aluminium ions and the other sample for sulfate ions.

Draw one line from each ion to the compound needed to identify the ion.

How could pure water be produced from drinking water that contained dissolved solids?

Tick (✓) one box.

Some central heating boilers use methane as a fuel.

Carbon monoxide detectors are placed near central heating boilers.

Which three properties of carbon monoxide make it necessary to use carbon monoxide detectors?

Choose answers from the box.

Complete the sentence.

Methane produces carbon monoxide when burning in a limited supply of

8 g of methane has a volume of 12 dm³ at room temperature and pressure.

Calculate the mass of 36 dm³ of methane.

Most methane is obtained from natural gas, which is a fossil fuel.

Methane can also be produced renewably.

Which two are renewable sources of methane?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Hydrogen is a raw material in the Haber process.

Hydrogen is produced from methane.

The word equation for the reaction is:

methane + steam carbon monoxide + hydrogen

How can you tell that the reaction is reversible?

The forward reaction is endothermic.

Name the type of energy change in the reverse reaction.

A nickel catalyst is used in this reaction.

Why is a catalyst used in this reaction?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

The Haber process also uses nitrogen to produce ammonia.

Figure 1 shows how the world production of ammonia changed between 1950 and 2010.

Describe how the world production of ammonia changed between 1950 and 2010.

Most of the ammonia produced is used to make fertilisers.

Why did the world production of ammonia change between 1950 and 2010?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Table 1 shows data about four fertilisers, A, B, C and D.

Which combination of fertilisers A, B, C and D provides all of the elements needed for an NPK fertiliser?

Use Table 1.

Tick (✓) one box.

Which fertiliser is not made using ammonia?

Use Table 1.

Tick (✓) one box.

Titan is a moon of the planet Saturn.

Table 2 shows the percentages of some gases in the atmosphere of Titan and in the atmosphere of the Earth.

Which two gases are present in smaller percentages on the Earth than on Titan?

Complete the bar chart in Figure 2 to show the percentages of nitrogen gas and oxygen gas in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Why are algae less likely to photosynthesise on Titan than Earth?

Use Table 2.

Tick (✓) one box.

Titan is warmer than the other moons of Saturn because of the greenhouse effect.

How do greenhouse gases trap energy from the sun?

Tick (✓) one box.

As well as methane, the atmosphere of Titan contains small amounts of propene gas. Methane is an alkane and propene is an alkene.

Bromine water is an orange solution used to identify alkenes.

Draw one line from each gas to its effect on bromine water.

Propene reacts with water (steam) to make propanol.

The ratio of the masses of propene and water that react is:

propene: water

7: 3

Calculate the mass of propene that reacts with 21 g water.

Figure 3 shows a surfer on a surfboard.

Some surfboards are made from addition polymers.

Addition polymers are made from small alkene molecules.

Which type of bonding is present in small alkene molecules?

Tick (✓) one box.

What is the functional group in these small alkene molecules?

Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 4 shows the structure of part of an addition polymer surfboard.

The outer surface of the surfboard is coated.

The coating is made from soda-lime glass fibres surrounded by a plastic.

What type of material is the coating of the surfboard?

Tick (✓) one box.

Complete the sentence.

Choose answers from the box.

The materials used to make the soda-lime glass fibres are sodium carbonate,

Suggest two reasons why surfboards are coated.

Some surfboards are made from wood.

Table 3 contains information about the materials in an addition polymer surfboard and a wooden surfboard.

Suggest two advantages and two disadvantages of using addition polymers rather than wood to make surfboards.

Use Table 3.

Advantages of addition polymers

Disadvantages of addition polymers

Calculate the volume of wood in a wooden surfboard of mass 5.25 kg

Use Table 3 and the equation:

This question is about the corrosion of metals.

The corrosion of iron is called rusting.

Plan an investigation to show that both water and air are needed for iron to rust.

You should include the results you expect to obtain.

Use apparatus and materials from the list:

• test tubes

• stoppers

• iron nails

• tap water

• boiled water

• drying agent

• oil.

A student investigated how the mass of three iron nails, A, B and C, increased after rusting.

Table 4 shows the student’s results.

Calculate X in Table 4.

Calculate the mean increase in mass of the three iron nails, A, B and C.

Use Table 4 and your answer to Question 06.2

Some students investigated the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

The equation for the reaction is:

hydrogen peroxide → water + oxygen

Complete the sentence.

Choose an answer from the box.

The students tested the gas produced to show that it was oxygen.

The students used.

Student A investigated the effect of the particle size of a manganese dioxide catalyst on the rate of the reaction.

This is the method used.

1. Measure 25 cm³ hydrogen peroxide solution into a conical flask.

2. Add some fine manganese dioxide powder to the conical flask.

3. Measure the volume of oxygen produced every 30 seconds for 10 minutes.

4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 two more times.

5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 with coarse manganese dioxide lumps.

The method student A used did not give repeatable results.

How could student A make the results repeatable?

Tick (✓) one box.

Student B used a method which gave repeatable results.

How could student B improve the accuracy of these results?

Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 5 shows student B ’s results for coarse manganese dioxide lumps.

Calculate the mean rate of reaction between 30 and 250 seconds for coarse manganese dioxide lumps.

Use Figure 5 and the equation:

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

Volume of oxygen formed

Mean rate of reaction = cm³/s

Fine manganese dioxide powder produces a higher rate of reaction than coarse manganese dioxide lumps.

Sketch on Figure 5 the results you would expect for student B ’s experiment with fine manganese dioxide powder.

Hydrogen peroxide molecules collide with manganese dioxide particles during the reaction.

Why does fine manganese dioxide powder produce a higher rate of reaction than coarse manganese dioxide lumps?

Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about crude oil and hydrocarbons.

Figure 6 shows a fractionating column used to separate crude oil into fractions.

Table 5 gives information about some of the fractions.

Suggest a suitable temperature for the furnace in Figure 6.

Explain why diesel oil collects above heavy fuel oil but below kerosene in the fractionating column.

Use Table 5.

Suggest two reasons why bitumen is not used as a fuel.

Petrol contains mainly alkanes.

Which of the following compounds is an alkane?

Tick (✓) one box.

Large hydrocarbon molecules in the diesel oil fraction are cracked to produce smaller hydrocarbon molecules.

Describe the conditions needed to crack hydrocarbon molecules from the diesel oil fraction.

Explain why large hydrocarbon molecules in the diesel oil fraction are cracked to produce smaller hydrocarbon molecules.

Complete the equation for the cracking of C₁₅H₃₂

This question is about lithium carbonate.

Lithium carbonate is used in medicines.

Figure 7 shows a tablet containing lithium carbonate.

Lithium carbonate contains lithium ions and carbonate ions.

A student tested the tablet for lithium ions and for carbonate ions.

The student used:

• a metal wire

• dilute hydrochloric acid

• limewater.

Plan an investigation to show the presence of lithium ions and of carbonate ions in the tablet.

You should include the results of the tests for the ions.

The tablet also contains other substances.

The substances in tablets are present in fixed amounts.

What name is given to mixtures like tablets?

The tablet has a mass of 1.20 g and contains 700 mg of lithium carbonate.

Calculate the percentage by mass of lithium carbonate in this tablet.

This question is about rate of reaction.

A student investigated the rate of the reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid.

The equation for the reaction is:

Which state symbol in the equation for the reaction does not represent one of the three states of matter?

The student determined the rate of production of hydrogen gas.

What two pieces of measuring apparatus could the student use to find the rate of production of hydrogen gas?

Table 6 shows the results of the investigation.

Plot the data from Table 6 on Figure 8.

You should draw a line of best fit.

Give three conclusions that can be drawn about the rate of reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid in this investigation.

Use data from Figure 8 and Table 6.

The student repeated the investigation using dilute hydrochloric acid at a higher temperature.

All the other variables were kept the same.

Which two statements are correct?

Tick (✓) two boxes.