AQA GCSE Trilogy Physics Paper 1 Higher June 2023 question paper 8464/P/1H

Wind power and solar power are both renewable energy resources used to generate electricity for the National Grid.

Which of the following is also a renewable energy resource? Tick (✓) one box.

The energy transferred by the National Grid in one second was 36 gigajoules (GJ). Which of the following is the same as 36 gigajoules? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 1 shows how the mean power output from solar and wind energy resources in the UK varied between 2014 and 2019.

Figure 2 shows how the power output from solar and wind energy resources varies in a typical year.

Explain the changes in power output from solar and wind energy resources between

2014 and 2019. You should include an explanation of the change in power output during a typical year.

Body analysis scales use the electrical resistance of a person’s legs to estimate the percentage of water in the person’s body. Figure 3 shows body analysis scales.

The person’s legs contain both solid tissue and water. A student used resistors to model the solid tissue and water. The student connected a 20 resistor in parallel with a resistor, R. Figure 4 shows the circuit diagram.

To determine the total resistance of both resistors, a voltmeter must be connected into the circuit. Complete Figure 4 to show where the voltmeter should be connected.

The student calculated the total resistance of the two resistors. The student’s answer was 26 . Explain why the student’s answer cannot be correct.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 02.3 and 02.4.

Write down the equation that links current (I), resistance (R) and potential difference (V).

When the total resistance of the resistors was 7.5 the current in the circuit was 480 mA. Calculate the potential difference across the two resistors.

The student investigated how the resistance of R affected the total resistance of

the circuit. Table 1 shows the results.

Some of the results are plotted in Figure 5.

Figure 5

Complete Figure 5. You should:

• label both axes

• plot the two remaining values from Table 1

• draw the line of best fit.

What resistance of R would give a total resistance of 4.4 ? Use Figure 5.

The body analysis scales initially show a reading of 0.0 kg.

When the student steps onto the scales the reading is 64.8 kg. The student steps off the scales and then immediately steps back on. The scales now show a reading of 64.1 kg.

Complete the sentence. The difference between the two values given by the scales is due

The height of the student is programmed into the scales. The scales place the student into a category, A, B or C, based on height and mass. Figure 6 shows how the scales use the category and the total resistance of the legs to determine the body water percentage.

The total resistance of the student’s legs is 600 k. A healthy body water percentage is between 45% and 65%. The different measurements of the mass of the student mean that the student could be in either category A or category B. Evaluate if the student has a healthy body water percentage.

Figure 7 shows how the National Grid transfers energy from a power station to some street lamps.

Explain how transformer X increases the efficiency of the National Grid.

The potential difference across the primary coil in transformer Y is 400 000 V. The potential difference across the secondary coil is 11 000 V. The current in the primary coil is 660 A. Calculate the current in the secondary coil of transformer Y. Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

Why is the current in each street lamp less than the current in the secondary coil in transformer Y ? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 8 shows the top of a street lamp.

The light sensor detects if it is day or night. Figure 9 shows part of the circuit in the light sensor.

Explain what happens to the potential difference across resistor R as the light intensity decreases.

When the current in resistor R is 20 mA, the power transferred by resistor R is 6.0 W. Calculate the resistance of resistor R. Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

A scientist investigated a sample of a radioactive material to determine if it would be suitable for medical use.

The method, results and conclusions of the scientist will need to be checked by other scientists before the results of the investigation are published. What name is given to this checking process?

There is an increased risk of cancer if the scientist is irradiated by nuclear radiation. What property of nuclear radiation causes the increased risk of cancer?

The activity of a radioactive source is the rate at which the nuclei of the source decay. What is the unit for the activity of a radioactive source?

The scientist placed a radiation detector near the sample and measured the count-rate. Explain why the count-rate is less than the activity of the sample.

The scientist recorded the count-rate from the sample with the radiation detector at different distances from the sample. Table 2 shows the results.

Explain which type of radiation was emitted by the sample.

The scientist moved the detector closer to the sample and started a stopwatch. The scientist measured the count-rate from the sample at different times. Table 3 shows some of the results.

The scientist realised that 30 minutes is a whole number of half-lives. Calculate the value of X in Table 3.

The scientist had a second sample of the radioactive material. The scientist made appropriate measurements, then calculated the half-life of each sample. Why was the half-life calculated from the second sample slightly different from the half-life calculated from the first sample? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 10 shows a child’s toy. A child pushes down on the toy to compress the spring. The spring then launches the toy into the air.

A student measured the maximum height reached by the toy. The student placed a vertical metre rule near the toy, and observed the height reached by the toy. The student repeated the experiment, observing from a different position. Figure 11 shows the toy at its maximum height and the two positions of the student.

Observing the toy from position B instead of position A affected the measurement of the maximum height reached by the toy. Explain how.

The greatest height reached by the toy was 64 cm. The gravitational potential energy of the toy at this height was 0.049 J. gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg Calculate the mass of the toy. Use the Physics Equations Sheet. Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

When the spring launches the toy into the air, the temperature of the air increases. Explain why the child’s toy on its own is not a closed system.

Figure 12 shows a device that uses a mug of hot coffee to turn a wheel.

The hot coffee increases the temperature of the air in the chamber. Explain how the pressure in the chamber changes.

For the device to work, the air in the chamber must increase in temperature quickly. Explain why the bottom of the air chamber is made of metal rather than plastic.

The mass of air in the chamber is constant. What property of air allows a small change in internal energy to cause a large temperature change to the air in the chamber?

The changes in pressure in the air chamber cause the wheel to turn. Suggest one way to increase the speed at which the wheel turns.

The temperature of the coffee decreases as the device is used. The initial temperature of the coffee was 76 °C. The internal energy of the coffee decreased by 15 kJ.

specific heat capacity of coffee = 4200 J/kg °C Calculate the final temperature of the coffee. Use the Physics Equations Sheet.