Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Paper 5: Physics 1 Higher June 2022 question paper 1SC0/1PH

Which statement describes conservation of energy in a closed system?

A student uses the apparatus in Figure 1 to find out which of two materials, sand or sawdust, is the better insulator.

The student also has a kettle to boil water, a thermometer and a stop clock.

Draw a labelled diagram to show how the student should set up the equipment to investigate which material is the better insulator.

Give three factors that the student must control in this investigation.

Expanded polystyrene, used to insulate buildings, has different densities.

Figure 2 shows how the thermal conductivity of expanded polystyrene changes with the density of expanded polystyrene.

density of expanded polystyrene in kg/m³

Figure 2

Using the graph in Figure 2, describe how the thermal conductivity of expanded polystyrene changes with the density of expanded polystyrene.

Figure 3 is a speed limit sign from a European motorway.

The speeds shown are in km/h (kilometres per hour).

The sign tells drivers to drive at a slower speed in wet weather.

Explain why it is safer for drivers to drive at a slower speed in wet weather.

Show that a speed of 31 m/s is less than a speed of 130 km/h.

A car is travelling at a speed of 31 m/s.

The car travels 46 m between the driver seeing an emergency and starting to brake.

Calculate the driver’s reaction time.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

driver’s reaction time_........ s

An aircraft starts from rest and accelerates along the runway for 36 s to reach take‑off velocity.

Take‑off velocity for this aircraft is 82 m/s.

Show that the acceleration of the aircraft along the runway is about 2 m/s².

Assume the acceleration is constant.

Calculate the distance the aircraft travels along the runway before take‑off.

Use the equation

distance =_........ m

Suggest one reason why the length of the runway used is always much longer than the calculated distance that the aircraft travels along the runway before take-off.

The aircraft lands with a velocity of 71 m/s.

Calculate the kinetic energy of the aircraft as it lands.

kinetic energy of aircraft =_........ J

When the aircraft has come to a stop, all the kinetic energy has been transferred to the surroundings.

Give one way that the energy has been transferred to the surroundings.

Which of these is a unit of momentum?

Students investigate conservation of momentum using two identical trolleys.

A card is then added to trolley A.

Some of the apparatus is set up as shown in Figure 4.

Describe an investigation the students could carry out to show that momentum is conserved when these two trolleys collide.

You may add to the diagram to help with your answer.

Give a reason for the runway being at a slope.

Figure 5 shows a racket and a tennis ball.

The tennis ball is travelling towards the racket at a velocity of 8.2 m/s.

The ball is hit back in the opposite direction at a velocity of 15 m/s.

The ball has a mass of 0.075 kg.

The ball is in contact with the racket for 12 ms.

Calculate the average force exerted by the ball on the racket.

Use the equation

force =_........ N

Describe how Newton’s Third Law of Motion applies to the collision between the racket and the ball.

Rutherford devised an experiment to fire alpha particles at thin gold foil.

It was found that alpha particles were scattered by the gold foil.

The gold foil was about 4.010^–7m thick.

A gold atom has a diameter of about 0.15 nm.

Estimate how many gold atoms would fit across this thickness of gold foil.

number of atoms =_........

The apparatus that was used in the experiment is shown in Figure 6.

The number of particles detected at each angle in a given time is shown on the graph in Figure 7.

Use information from the graph.

Estimate the ratio of the number of particles scattered through 5 to the number of particles scattered through 100.

ratio =_........

Explain how the difference in the number of particles scattered at different angles gives evidence for the current model of the structure of the atom.

Describe how the students could use the apparatus to model the scattering of alpha particles.

Give one limitation of this model.

This question is about waves in the electromagnetic (e.m.) spectrum.

The potential danger associated with the waves of the e.m. spectrum increases as

A microwave oven uses waves of frequency 2.45 GHz.

Calculate the wavelength of the microwaves.

wavelength =_........ m

The microwave oven is 55% efficient and transfers 42 000 J of energy to some food when it is heated.

Calculate the total amount of energy that must be supplied to the oven.

energy supplied to oven =_........ J

*(c) X-rays and radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum and have different uses.

These radiations are produced in different ways.

X-rays are emitted when electrons within an atom go through energy changes.

Radiowaves are produced by electrons in circuits.

Compare X-rays with radio waves.

Your answer should refer to

• the uses of both types of radiation

• the different ways that electrons are involved in producing X-rays and radio waves.