Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Paper 1: Biology 1 Foundation June 2022 question paper 1SC0/1BF

Some bacteria cause disease.

Which word describes an organism that causes disease?

Draw one straight line from each disease to the main way that the disease is spread.

disease main way the

A scientist investigated the effect of temperature on the growth of bacteria.

The bacteria were grown at 10 °C and 20 °C.

The number of bacteria grown at each temperature were counted every two hours.

Figure 1 shows the result.

Figure 2 shows a graph of the results at 20 °C.

Plot the points on the graph for the number of bacteria at 10 °C.

The first two points have been plotted for you.

Draw a line of best fit on the graph for 10 °C.

Describe how the growth of bacteria at 10 °C was different from the growth of bacteria at 20 °C.

Stone tools can be found at sites used by our human ancestors.

Describe how tool P was made.

Figure 4 shows tool Q which was found at the same site as tool P.

A scientist stated that tool Q was made by a more evolved human ancestor than tool P.

Which observation supports this statement?

Tools provide evidence for human evolution.

Use words from the box to complete the sentences.

Evolution is the change of inherited characteristics through

These changes occur because genes_........ .

Fossils were also found in the soil around tool Q.

Describe two ways that stone tools and fossils can be dated to find out how old they are.

Alcohol is broken down by liver cells.

Which process moves alcohol from the blood into the liver cells?

If a person drinks too much alcohol, liver cells die and the person can develop cirrhosis of the liver.

The relative risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver is affected by two factors.

1. The volume of alcohol a person drinks in one week.

2. Whether the person drinks the alcohol on its own or with a meal.

Figure 5 shows how these two factors affect the relative risk of people developing cirrhosis of the liver.

Number of units of alcohol consumed per week

Figure 5

Person A drinks alcohol on its own.

Person B drinks alcohol with their meals.

Calculate the difference in risk for these two people when each one drinks 28 units of alcohol per week.

Using evidence from Figure 5, state two pieces of health advice for people about drinking alcohol.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that can also cause liver disease.

State where genes are found in cells.

Figure 6 shows the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in a family.

F represents the dominant allele that does not cause cystic fibrosis.

f represents the recessive allele that causes cystic fibrosis.

person A (Ff) person B

person C person D person E (ff)

Figure 6

A scientist states that the genotype of person B is Ff.

Explain why the scientist is correct.

State the genotype of person C.

Figure 7 shows a height percentile chart for boys.

The numbers on the right-hand side of the graph show the percentiles of the population for each growth curve.

A 10-year-old boy has a height of 140 cm.

Which is the percentile range for height for this boy?

State how percentile charts are used.

As we grow, we make new cells by mitosis and meiosis.

The cells that are made can become specialised.

Figure 8 shows a diagram of a sperm cell.

Describe two ways that the sperm cell is specialised.

Complete the table to show the results when a cell divides by mitosis or meiosis in humans.

Human body cells, except gametes, have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

The tips of plant roots are where many cells are dividing by mitosis.

Which term describes the area of a root where many cells are dividing by mitosis?

Plant root cells contain an enzyme that joins glucose molecules together to make starch.

Devise a plan to investigate the effect of pH on the activity of this enzyme.

DNA molecules contain base pairs.

Describe how the base pairs are bonded together in a DNA molecule.

Figure 9 shows part of a DNA molecule.

Write the code for the complementary DNA strand in Figure 9.

Three bases code for each amino acid.

Which is the maximum number of amino acids coded for by this strand of DNA?

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

A student wanted to extract the DNA from fresh peas.

The student crushed the peas and added washing up liquid and water.

The enzyme protease was then added to this mixture.

Explain why the enzyme protease was added to the mixture.

The mixture was then heated and filtered.

Finally, the student poured the filtrate into a test tube and ice‑cold ethanol was poured down the side of the test tube into the filtrate.

State why ice‑cold ethanol was poured into the filtrate.

The student wanted to compare the mass of DNA found in fresh peas with the mass of DNA found in fresh beans.

Give two variables the student would need to control to make this a valid comparison.

Figure 10 shows the number of people diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the UK during 2017.

State the sexually transmitted infection that has the median number of people diagnosed.

The population of the UK in 2017 was 66 million people.

Calculate the total number of people diagnosed with chlamydia in the UK in 2017.

State why chlamydia can be described as a communicable disease.

Give one way the transmission of chlamydia can be prevented.

Explain why chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics.

*(b) When a person is infected with a disease, the immune system will respond to protect their body.

Explain how the immune system will respond to an infection caused by bacteria.