Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Paper 2: Biology 2 Foundation June 2022 question paper 1SC0/2BF

Figure 1 shows part of the carbon cycle.

Name the process that transfers carbon from plants to animals.

Use words from the box to complete the sentences.

Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for_........

Animals release carbon dioxide and energy during_........

Which of these can be a decomposer?

The water cycle is the movement of water through an ecosystem.

Which process is used to obtain freshwater from seawater?

Water from rivers can be filtered and then treated with chemicals to make it suitable for drinking.

Give one reason why water is filtered.

Give one reason why water is treated with chemicals.

Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets.

Draw one straight line from each part of the blood to its function.

Figure 2 shows some red blood cells.

State two features that can be seen in the red blood cells in Figure 2.

Lymphocytes are white blood cells that produce large amounts of protein.

Which organelle is needed to produce large amounts of protein?

A small lymphocyte has a diameter of 10 µ m (micrometres).

A microscope magnifies this lymphocyte 400 times.

Calculate the diameter of the image of the lymphocyte seen using this microscope.

image size_........ µm

How many micrometres are in 1 mm (millimetre)?

Figure 3 shows some onion cells that have been soaked in a concentrated salt solution.

(Source: © Rattiya Thongdumhyu/Shutterstock)

Figure 3

The cells in Figure 3 have been stained.

Give one reason why the cells have been stained.

Which is the name of the structure labelled V?

The salt solution outside the cell has a higher concentration than the solution inside the cell.

Explain why the cytoplasm shrinks away from the sides of the cell when the cells are in salt solution.

Figure 4 shows the equipment used to prepare a microscope slide of onion cells.

Describe how this equipment could be used to prepare a slide of onion cells to view under a microscope.

A student investigated the percentage change in mass of potato cylinders placed in sucrose solutions of different concentrations.

Figure 5 shows the results of the student’s investigation.

concentration of sucrose solution in mol/dm³

Figure 5

State two conclusions that can be made from these results.

Figure 6 shows a method of investigating the rate of photosynthesis in a water plant.

What are the products of photosynthesis?

The rate of photosynthesis can be measured by counting the number of bubbles of gas produced in one minute.

Figure 7 shows some results from this investigation in different light intensities.

Light intensity was changed by moving the lamp towards or away from the water plant.

Describe the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. Use information from Figure 7 to help you.

The bubbles are different sizes and can be difficult to count.

Describe how the quality of the results from this investigation could be improved.

Describe how this investigation could be changed to find the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis.

Increased nitrates can cause eutrophication in lakes.

Explain how eutrophication will affect the fish living in the lakes.

Figure 8 shows a diagram of a plant root hair cell.

Name the part labelled R.

Explain one adaptation of a root hair cell that increases the absorption of water and mineral ions.

Figure 9 shows xylem and phloem from the stem of a plant.

Living cells in phloem use energy to transport sucrose.

Which organelles release energy in living cells?

Describe two features of the structure of xylem vessels that can be seen in Figure 9.

A scientist investigated how the flow of air affected the rate of transpiration in a plant.

A fan was used to change the flow of air.

The volume of water taken up by the plant was measured.

Figure 10 shows the results of this investigation.

Explain why switching on the fan caused a change in the volume of water taken up by the plant.

Give one reason why the volume of water taken up by the plant was also measured when the fan was not switched on.

Calculate the rate of water uptake from 8 minutes to 10 minutes when the fan was switched on.

Use the equation

_........ mm³ per minute

Figure 11 shows a cross-section of an artery and a vein.

(Source: © The University of Kansas Medical Center)

Figure 11

Explain one difference between the artery wall and the vein wall shown in Figure 11.

Name one structure that is found in veins but not found in arteries.

A human body has 5 dm³ of blood.

At rest 20% of the blood travels to the muscles.

During exercise 60% of the blood travels to the muscles.

Calculate the volume of blood travelling to the muscles during exercise.

_........ dm³

Explain one reason why there is an increase in blood flow to muscles during exercise.

*(c) Figure 12 shows the structure of the human heart.

Explain how the structure of the heart is related to its function.