Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Paper 2: Biology 2 Foundation June 2023 question paper 1SC0/2BF

Figure 1 shows a bird called an egret on the back of a buffalo.

(Source: © Jaromir Chalabala/Shutterstock)

Figure 1

The egret eats parasites that live on the skin of the buffalo.

Which term describes this relationship, where the buffalo and the egret both benefit?

The buffalo is part of the carbon cycle.

Use words from the box to complete the sentences.

The buffalo gains carbon from the_........ in the plants that it eats.

Bacteria will_........ the waste from the buffalo.

Figure 2 shows part of the carbon cycle.

Draw and label an arrow on Figure 2 to show the process plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide.

Enzymes are used to digest proteins.

Figure 3 shows an enzyme and a protein.

Explain how boiling the enzyme stops the protein being digested.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the human blood system.

Name blood vessel X.

Which row of the table shows the width of the wall and blood pressure in blood vessel X?

Figure 5 shows the pressure of blood flowing through the arteries, capillaries and veins of a person.

Calculate the difference in blood pressure from the maximum in the arteries to the minimum in the veins.

_........ kPa

Figure 6 shows a diagram of a vein with blood cells.

Identify structure Q.

State the function of structure Q.

Describe how the heart causes blood to move to the lungs.

Hormones are chemicals produced in endocrine glands.

Draw one straight line from each hormone to the endocrine gland that produces it.

Figure 7 shows some of the changes that occur during the menstrual cycle.

The level of oestrogen peaks on day 13.

State the effect on the follicle caused by the peak in oestrogen.

Describe the effect of progesterone on the uterus lining from day 13 to day 21.

The condom is an example of a barrier contraceptive.

State one advantage and one disadvantage of using this barrier method of contraception.

Advantage

Disadvantage

The contraceptive pill is an example of a hormonal method of contraception.

Explain one way that the contraceptive pill stops a woman from becoming pregnant.

In 2000, a council planted indigenous trees as part of a reforestation programme.

Why were indigenous trees used instead of non-indigenous trees?

The animal biodiversity in this reforested area was measured from 2004 to 2017.

Biodiversity is measured on a scale from 0 to 1.

0 = low biodiversity

1 = maximum biodiversity

Figure 8 shows the results.

Draw a straight line of best fit on Figure 8 to show the main trend in this data.

Estimate the animal biodiversity of the reforested area in 2022.

The data to calculate animal biodiversity was collected using the following method.

• a 100 m² area was chosen

• three 1 m² quadrats were placed randomly on the ground

• animals inside the quadrat were counted

• the number of each species of animal was recorded

State two ways that the quality of the results from this method could be improved.

State why point A on Figure 8 was ignored when considering the trend in animal biodiversity.

The data shown in Figure 8 was collected during the summer.

Explain why animal biodiversity would be different if the data had been collected in the winter.

A scientist observes that trees at the edge of a forest shade part of a field.

Describe how a belt transect could be used to see how light intensity affects the biodiversity of plants growing in the field.

People with diabetes cannot always control the concentration of glucose in their blood.

Two people eat identical meals.

One person has diabetes, the other person does not have diabetes.

Figure 9 shows the concentration of glucose in the blood of these two people after eating the meals.

time after eating the meal in hours

Figure 9

Describe two differences in the concentration of glucose in the blood of the two people shown in Figure 9.

Calculate the maximum increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood of the person with diabetes.

_........ mmol per dm³

Water moved out of the red blood cells of the person with diabetes when the concentration of glucose in the blood was above 15 mmol per dm³.

Explain why water moved out of the red blood cells of the person with diabetes.

The pancreas produces a hormone that causes the concentration of glucose in the blood to decrease.

Name this hormone.

State how this hormone is transported from the pancreas to its target organs.

Which is the target organ for the hormone that controls the concentration of glucose in the blood?

Explain how type 2 diabetes can be controlled.

Respiration occurs in cells.

Why do cells respire?

An athlete runs every day as part of their training.

Explain why the breathing rate of the athlete increases when running.

When the athlete is running, their muscle cells use both aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

State two differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

Bromothymol blue (BTB) solution is an indicator of pH.

Figure 10 shows the colour of BTB at different pH levels.

When air is passed through green BTB, for one minute, the solution stays green.

When a person breathes out through a straw into BTB for one minute the solution turns yellow.

Explain why the air breathed out turns the BTB solution yellow.

*(ii) Devise a plan, using green BTB solution, to investigate the amount of carbon dioxide in the air athletes breathe out after they have been running at different speeds.

Include:

• how you would use green BTB solution.

• how you would control at least two variables.