Combined Science A (Gateway) · OCR J250 · Chemistry Paper 10 · Higher · June 2024
Carbon reacts with copper oxide to produce copper.
copper oxide + carbon 
copper + carbon dioxide
What is the role of the carbon?
A It is a catalyst.
B It neutralises the copper oxide.
C It oxidises the copper oxide.
D It reduces the copper oxide.
[1]
A teacher investigates some reactions of chlorine.
Why is it important that the teacher does not breathe in chlorine?
A Chlorine is highly flammable.
B Chlorine is inert.
C Chlorine is strongly alkaline.
D Chlorine is toxic.
[1]
Where do scientists think that the oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere came from?
A Earthquakes
B Green plants
C Thunderstorms
D Volcanic activity
[1]
Which of the catalysts is an example of an enzyme ?
A Alumina – used in the cracking of hydrocarbons
B Copper – used in the reaction between zinc and dilute sulfuric acid
C Lipase – used to help humans absorb fats
D Manganese oxide – used in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
[1]
The graph shows the supply and demand of different fractions of crude oil.
Which fractions are most likely to be cracked to make the supply match the demand?
A Diesel and fuel oil
B Gases and petrol
C Paraffin and fuel oil
D Petrol and diesel
[1]
Acid rain is a dilute solution of a weak acid.
What is the pH of acid rain?
A 1–2
B 4–5
C 8–9
D 13–14
[1]
A student investigates the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid.
The graph shows how the mass of the reactants changes during the reaction.
What are the units for the rate of reaction?
A g
B g/s
C s
D s/g
[1]
Which method of extracting metals involves growing plants in soil that contains metal compounds?
A Bioleaching
B Decomposition
C Phytoextraction
D Reduction
[1]
Fluorine gas reacts with sodium to form sodium fluoride.
What is the balanced half equation for the reaction of fluorine when it reacts with sodium?
[1]
Methanol, CH3OH, can be made by reacting carbon monoxide, CO, with hydrogen, H2.
The forward reaction is exothermic.
Which change in temperature and pressure will move the position of equilibrium to the right ?
| Change in temperature | Change in pressure | |
| A | decreases | decreases |
| B | decreases | increases |
| C | increases | decreases |
| D | increases | increases |
[1]
Aluminium is extracted from a rock called bauxite which contains aluminium oxide.
The diagram shows information from a life-cycle assessment for the manufacture and use of aluminium products.
Give one reason why a life-cycle assessment is carried out.
[1]
Give two reasons why the products should be recycled at the end of their useful life.
[2]
18% of the bauxite rock is turned into aluminium.
Calculate the mass of aluminium that is extracted from 7500 kg of bauxite.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
[3]
Aluminium is extracted from aluminium oxide, Al2O3, by electrolysis.
This is the equation for the electrolysis of aluminium oxide.
A student thinks that this reaction is an example of reduction.
Explain why the student is correct.
[1]
Extracting aluminium by electrolysis is expensive.
Which statements about why the electrolysis is expensive are true, and which are false ?
Tick one (✓) box in each row.
[2]
It would be cheaper if aluminium could be extracted by heating the aluminium oxide with carbon.
Explain why aluminium oxide does not react with carbon.
[1]
A student does an experiment to separate water from muddy water.
The diagram shows the equipment they use.
The student leaves the equipment in a sunny place.
Explain how the student’s equipment separates water from muddy water.
[4]
Crude oil is a mixture of useful hydrocarbons which are separated into fractions.
Which statement describes why crude oil is called a feedstock for the petrochemical industry?
Tick one (✓) box.
[1]
Table 13.1 shows some information about the fractions in crude oil.
Table 13.1
| Fraction | Boiling point (°C) | Percentage in crude oil (%) |
| U | 20–200 | 28 |
| V | above 450 | 2 |
| W | 350–450 | ...................................... |
| X | below 20 | 4 |
| Y | 250–350 | 15 |
| Z | 200–250 | 21 |
Calculate the percentage of fraction W found in crude oil.
Write your answer in Table 13.1.
[1]
The boiling point of a fraction depends on the number of carbon atoms in the molecules.
Complete Table 13.2 by writing in the letters of three fractions shown in Table 13.1.
Table 13.2
| Number of carbon atoms in the molecules | Fraction |
| 1–4 | ..................... |
| 5–11 | ..................... |
| 12–14 | ..................... |
[2]
Write the letter of the fraction shown in Table 13.1 which has the strongest intermolecular forces.
[1]
Many of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are alkanes.
Write the general formula for an alkane.
[1]
Write the formula for an alkane with 14 carbon atoms.
[1]
Calculate the lowest initial temperature of the copper sulfate solution.
[1]
Use the student’s results to list the metals in the order of reactivity obtained by the student.
[1]
The student’s results put the reactivity of iron and tin in the incorrect order.
The student thinks that the error could be because they added incorrect masses of each metal.
What piece of equipment could the student use to get a more accurate measurement of the mass of each metal?
[1]
Another student thinks that the error could be because the iron powder used is old and its surface has been oxidised.
Describe and explain how this oxidation could have affected the results for iron.
[2]
The balanced symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and copper sulfate solution is:
The reaction can be written as an ionic equation.
Complete the balanced ionic equation for the reaction.
[2]
The amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere has changed over time.
What is the percentage of carbon dioxide found in the Earth’s atmosphere today?
Tick one (✓) box.
[1]
Describe the correlation between carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and carbon dioxide emissions.
[2]
Give one reason for the change in carbon dioxide emissions after 1960.
[1]
It is thought that an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing global warming.
Describe how an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing global warming.
[2]
Describe one way that the emissions of carbon dioxide by human activity can be reduced.
[1]
16* A student investigates the rate of reaction between magnesium and an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid.
Strip of magnesium
Dilute hydrochloric acid
The student does three experiments. In the experiments they use the same length of magnesium but change one other variable.
The table shows the results of the three experiments.
| Experiment | Time for the magnesium to react (s) |
| 1 | 37 |
| 2 | 26 |
| 3 | 19 |
Describe the method the student used to get these results, including the variable they may have changed and the variables they controlled.
[6]
The elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table show trends in their properties.
The table shows the diameter of atoms and arrangement of electrons for the first three elements in Group 1.
| Element | Diameter of atoms (m) | Arrangement of electrons |
| Lithium | 3.04 × 10–10 | 2, 1 |
| Sodium | 3.72 × 10–10 | 2, 8, 1 |
| Potassium | 4.54 × 10–10 | 2, 8, 8, 1 |
Describe and explain the trend in the diameter of atoms of the elements in Group 1.
[2]
Rubidium is the element below potassium in Group 1.
Predict the diameter of atoms of rubidium.
[1]
Describe and explain how the diameter of the atoms affects the reactivity of the elements in Group 1.
[4]
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