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Reactions of acids

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Topic questions Chemical changes Reactions of acids

Reactions of acids

22 questions · 167 marks · about 3 hours

Reactions of acids questions

TopicReactions of acids

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2025 Foundation tier, Question 7 1 mark

[1]

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Chemistry Paper 3 June 2025 Foundation tier, Question 15, also on the Higher paper 12 marks

A student investigates the reaction of magnesium carbonate and dilute sulfuric acid.

(a)

The student wants to measure the pH of the dilute sulfuric acid.

(a)(i)

Suggest the pH of dilute sulfuric acid.

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(a)(ii)

Name an indicator that the student could use to measure the pH of dilute sulfuric acid.

State the colour of the indicator after it has been added to the dilute sulfuric acid.

Name of indicator........

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(a)(iii)

Name a piece of equipment the student could use to measure the pH more accurately.

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(b)

When magnesium carbonate reacts with dilute sulfuric acid, it forms a salt, water and carbon dioxide.

What is the name of the salt?

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(c)

The student adds an excess of magnesium carbonate to dilute sulfuric acid until no more of it reacts.

magnesium carbonate(s) + sulfuric acid(aq) $fraction$ salt(aq) + water(l) + carbon dioxide(g)

Magnesium carbonate is a white powder that is insoluble in water.

A colourless solution of the salt is formed.

Describe two observations the student would see as the reaction is happening.

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(d)

The student separates the salt from the solution formed at the end of the reaction.

Step 1: They remove the excess magnesium carbonate.

Step 2: They remove the water from the salt solution.

State the names of the separation techniques used in Step 1 and Step 2.

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(e)

The student measures the mass of the salt obtained when different masses of magnesium carbonate are added to the same volume of dilute sulfuric acid.

The table shows their results.

Mass of magnesium carbonate (g)	Mass of the salt (g)
1.0	1.4
2.0	2.9
3.0	4.3
4.0	5.7
5.0	7.1
6.0	7.1
7.0	7.1

(e)(i)

Describe the relationship between the mass of magnesium carbonate and the mass of the salt.

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(e)(ii)

A student thinks that when 6.0 g of magnesium carbonate has been added it is in excess.

Explain why the student is correct.

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Chemistry Paper 9 June 2025 Higher tier, Question 11, also on the Foundation paper 12 marks

A student investigates the reaction of magnesium carbonate and dilute sulfuric acid.

(a)

The student wants to measure the pH of the dilute sulfuric acid.

(a)(i)

Suggest the pH of dilute sulfuric acid.

[1]

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(a)(ii)

Name an indicator that the student could use to measure the pH of dilute sulfuric acid.

State the colour of the indicator after it has been added to the dilute sulfuric acid.

Name of indicator........

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(a)(iii)

Name a piece of equipment the student could use to measure the pH more accurately.

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(b)

When magnesium carbonate reacts with dilute sulfuric acid, it forms a salt, water and carbon dioxide.

What is the name of the salt?

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(c)

The student adds an excess of magnesium carbonate to dilute sulfuric acid until no more of it reacts.

magnesium carbonate(s) + sulfuric acid(aq) $fraction$ salt(aq) + water(l) + carbon dioxide(g)

Magnesium carbonate is a white powder that is insoluble in water.

A colourless solution of the salt is formed.

Describe two observations the student would see as the reaction is happening.

[2]

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(d)

The student separates the salt from the solution formed at the end of the reaction.

Step 1: They remove the excess magnesium carbonate.

Step 2: They remove the water from the salt solution.

State the names of the separation techniques used in Step 1 and Step 2.

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(e)

The student measures the mass of the salt obtained when different masses of magnesium carbonate are added to the same volume of dilute sulfuric acid.

The table shows their results.

Mass of magnesium carbonate (g)	Mass of the salt (g)
1.0	1.4
2.0	2.9
3.0	4.3
4.0	5.7
5.0	7.1
6.0	7.1
7.0	7.1

(e)(i)

Describe the relationship between the mass of magnesium carbonate and the mass of the salt.

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(e)(ii)

A student thinks that when 6.0 g of magnesium carbonate has been added it is in excess.

Explain why the student is correct.

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Chemistry Paper 9 June 2025 Higher tier, Question 15 13 marks

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂, are ionic compounds that dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions.

(a)

Why are solutions of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide called alkalis?

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(b)

Explain why the formula of sodium hydroxide is NaOH but the formula of calcium hydroxide is Ca(OH)₂.

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(c)

The electrolysis of a sodium hydroxide solution produces hydrogen at the cathode rather than sodium.

Explain why.

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(d)

When carbon dioxide is bubbled through a calcium hydroxide solution it turns cloudy white.

This is the equation for the reaction.

$Question 15, shown as an image$

(d)(i)

Which chemical in the equation turns the solution cloudy white?

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(d)(ii)

What is the alternative name for the calcium hydroxide solution?

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(d)(iii)

The calcium hydroxide solution contains 0.038 g of calcium hydroxide.

Calculate the maximum mass of carbon dioxide that can react with the calcium hydroxide solution.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Relative atomic mass (A_r): H = 1.0 C = 12.0 O = 16.0 Ca = 40.1

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Chemistry Paper 3 June 2024 Foundation tier, Question 8 1 mark

What is the ionic equation for an aqueous neutralisation reaction?

$Question 8, shown as an image$

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Chemistry Paper 9 June 2024 Higher tier, Question 13 6 marks

13* A student has samples of three solids labelled A, B and C.

They think:

• A is calcium carbonate

• B is sodium carbonate

• C is sodium chloride.

They know the following information.

Describe simple test tube experiments the student could do using water and dilute hydrochloric acid to show the solids have been labelled correctly.

Describe any observations that the student would see in these experiments and how they help show the labels are correct.

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Chemistry Paper 9 June 2024 Higher tier, Question 14 11 marks

(a)

Write the formula of the molecules in the box for R to show a balanced reaction.

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(b)

Write the name and the formula of the compound in solution S.

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(c)

Name the type of reaction which happens between solutions P and Q.

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(d)

Which of the solutions in the diagram shows a strong acid?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 14, shown as an image$

Give two reasons for your answer.

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(e)

A student dissolves 2 g of a strong acid in 250 cm³ of water. (e)

Calculate the concentration of the solution formed in g / dm³.

Concentration of the solution =........ g / dm³

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Chemistry Paper 3 June 2023 Foundation tier, Question 3 1 mark

Which is an example of a neutralisation reaction?

A A metal reacting with an acid

B A non-metal reacting with oxygen

C A salt dissolving in water

D An acid reacting with an alkali

$Question 3, shown as an image$

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Chemistry Paper 3 June 2023 Foundation tier, Question 14 14 marks

Zinc, Zn, reacts with sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄, to form the salt, ZnSO₄, and hydrogen.

(a)

Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of zinc with sulfuric acid.

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(b)

Name the salt, ZnSO₄, made from zinc and sulfuric acid.

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(c)

To make sure all the sulfuric acid reacts, an excess of zinc is used.

Describe how universal indicator could be used to show that all the sulfuric acid has reacted.

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(d)(i)

Calculate the relative formula mass of ZnSO₄.

Relative atomic mass (A_r): O = 16.0 S = 32.1 Zn = 65.4

Relative formula mass of ZnSO₄ =........

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(d)(ii)

The percentage mass of an element in a compound can be calculated using the formula

$Question 14, shown as an image$

Calculate the percentage mass of zinc in ZnSO₄.

Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

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(e)

The reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid is exothermic.

(e)(i)

Explain what is meant by an exothermic reaction.

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(e)(ii)

The diagram shows the reaction profile for the reaction.

Label the activation energy on the diagram.

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(e)(iii)

Explain the term activation energy.

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(f)

The table shows the temperature changes in four reactions.

The reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid is slightly exothermic.

Which shows the reaction between zinc and dilute sulfuric acid?

Give a reason for your answer.

Reaction	Start temperature (°C)	End temperature (°C)
A	20	19
B	20	64
C	20	22
D	20	20

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Chemistry Paper 4 June 2023 Foundation tier, Question 16, also on the Higher paper 12 marks

(a)

The student has difficulty filling the measuring cylinder with water.

They change the measuring cylinder for a different piece of apparatus which allows them to measure the volume of hydrogen more accurately.

Name the piece of apparatus they use and complete the diagram below to show this apparatus.

Name of piece of apparatus........

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(b)

Complete the balanced symbol equation for the reaction.

$Question 16, shown as an image$

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(c)

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(d)

The student repeats the experiment. The only difference is they use a higher concentration of acid.

Draw a line on the graph to show the results of this experiment.

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(e)

If the experiment is repeated at a higher temperature, the rate of reaction increases.

Explain why. Use ideas about particles and collisions.

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Chemistry Paper 9 June 2023 Higher tier, Question 4 1 mark

Copper carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form copper chloride, water and a gas.

What is the formula of the gas?

A C

B CO

C CO₂

D CO₃

$Question 4, shown as an image$

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Chemistry Paper 9 June 2023 Higher tier, Question 15 12 marks

(a)

Describe the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid.

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(b)

Hydrochloric acid, HC l (aq), is an example of a strong acid.

The graph shows the pH of a dilute hydrochloric acid solution at different concentrations.

Concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid solution (mol/dm³)

(b)(i)

Write the formula of the ion that gives the dilute hydrochloric acid solution the pH shown on the graph.

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(b)(ii)

The pH of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution can be measured using either universal indicator or a pH meter.

Explain which method would be better to use for measuring the pH shown on the graph.

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(c)

Describe how the pH changes with the concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid solution on the graph.

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(d)

As the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution increases by a factor of ten, the pH of the solution decreases by one.

Use data from the graph to show that this statement is true.

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(e)

Calculate the mass of hydrochloric acid, HCl, in 100 cm³ of solution that gives a pH 1.5. (e)

Use data from the graph.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Relative molecular mass (M_r): HCl = 36.5

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Chemistry Paper 10 June 2023 Higher tier, Question 11, also on the Foundation paper 12 marks

(a)

The student has difficulty filling the measuring cylinder with water.

They change the measuring cylinder for a different piece of apparatus which allows them to measure the volume of hydrogen more accurately.

Name the piece of apparatus they use and complete the diagram below to show this apparatus.

Name of piece of apparatus........

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(b)

Complete the balanced symbol equation for the reaction.

$Question 11, shown as an image$

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(c)

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(d)

The student repeats the experiment. The only difference is they use a higher concentration of acid.

Draw a line on the graph to show the results of this experiment.

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(e)

If the experiment is repeated at a higher temperature, the rate of reaction increases.

Explain why. Use ideas about particles and collisions.

[3]

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Chemistry Paper 3 June 2022 Foundation tier, Question 4 1 mark

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Chemistry Paper 3 June 2022 Foundation tier, Question 14 6 marks

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Chemistry Paper 3 November 2021 Foundation tier, Question 12 5 marks

Copper can form many different compounds.

The table shows the formulae of five different compounds of copper.

Compound	Formula
A	CuCl₂
B	Cu₂O
C	CuCO₃
D	Cu₂S
E	CuSO₄

(a)

Which compound, A, B, C, D or E, is made from copper, carbon and oxygen?

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(b)

Which compound, A, B, C, D or E, is made when copper is oxidised as copper reacts with oxygen?

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(c)

Which compound, A, B, C, D or E, reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to make carbon dioxide?

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(d)

Calculate the relative formula mass of compound D.

The relative atomic mass, A_r, of Cu is 63.5 and of S is 32.1

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Chemistry Paper 3 November 2021 Foundation tier, Question 13 8 marks

A student investigates how the pH of dilute hydrochloric acid changes as sodium hydroxide solution is added to it.

Fig. 13.1 shows the equipment the student uses.

The student:

• Adds 10 cm³ dilute hydrochloric acid to X.

• Adds 0.5 cm³ of the sodium hydroxide solution to the dilute hydrochloric acid.

• Swirls the mixture and measures its pH with a pH probe.

• Repeats adding 0.5 cm³ of the sodium hydroxide solution each time until 10 cm³ of the sodium hydroxide solution has been added.

(a)

What is the name of the piece of equipment labelled X ?

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(b)

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(c)

The student plots a graph of some of their results.

Look at the table. It shows the rest of the student’s results.

Plot the results on the graph and draw a line of best fit.

Volume of sodium hydroxide solution (cm³)

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(d)

The dilute hydrochloric acid is exactly neutralised when the pH of the mixture is 7.

Use the graph to work out the volume of sodium hydroxide solution needed to exactly neutralise the dilute hydrochloric acid.

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(e)

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Chemistry Paper 9 November 2020 Higher tier, Question 14 10 marks

A student investigates how to make a sample of a pure salt.

His method is shown in Fig. 14.1.

React an excess of copper oxide with 50 cm³ dilute hydrochloric acid. Stage 1

Stage 2 Heat the solution from Stage 1.

(a)

Copper oxide is an insoluble compound that neutralises dilute hydrochloric acid.

Name the type of insoluble compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt and water.

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(b)

Dilute hydrochloric acid is a hazardous chemical.

Describe one safety precaution the student should take when using dilute hydrochloric acid.

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(c)

Stage 1 uses an excess of copper oxide.

Give a reason why.

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(d)

(d)(i)

Calculate the number of moles of copper oxide, CuO, in 0.500 g.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

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(d)(ii)

Use your answer to (d)(i) and the balanced symbol equation to explain why the copper oxide is in excess.

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(e)

Another student thinks that the method in Fig. 14.1 will not make pure copper chloride.

(e)(i)

Explain why this student is correct.

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(e)(ii)

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Chemistry Paper 9 November 2020 Higher tier, Question 16 8 marks

Phosphoric acid, H₃PO₄, is a strong acid.

A student investigates how the pH of a solution of dilute phosphoric acid changes when a solution of calcium hydroxide is slowly added to it from a burette.

The student then calculates the concentration of hydrogen ions as the pH changes.

Table 16.1 shows the results of her experiment.

(a)

Explain why phosphoric acid is described as a strong acid.

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(b)

Explain why the solution of phosphoric acid used is described as dilute.

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(c)

Complete the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide.

$Question 16, shown as an image$

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(d)

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(e)

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Chemistry Paper 3 June 2019 Foundation tier, Question 13 7 marks

A student tests three solutions A, B and C. He wants to identify which solution is acidic.

The student adds a metal carbonate to each solution.

Table 13.1 shows his results.

(a)(i)

Which solution, A, B or C, is acidic?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 13, shown as an image$

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(a)(ii)

Suggest a pH value for the acidic solution.

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(a)(iii)

Write down two other tests the student could use to identify that the solution is acidic.

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(b)

The student adds the acidic solution to a solution of sodium hydroxide. A neutralisation reaction takes place.

He records the pH of the mixture.

Table 13.2 shows his results.

Describe the relationship between the volume of acidic solution added and the pH of the mixture.

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(c)

Sodium hydroxide is an alkali.

Which ion do solutions of alkalis contain?

$Question 13, shown as an image$

H⁺ Na⁺ OH^– SO₄^2–

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(d)

In a different neutralisation reaction sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄, reacts with sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

Complete the balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

$Question 13, shown as an image$

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Chemistry Paper 4 June 2019 Foundation tier, Question 16 9 marks

A student adds some magnesium to dilute hydrochloric acid (HC l).

Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and hydrogen gas is formed.

(a)

Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

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(b)

(b)(i)

Identify the independent variable in the investigation.

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(b)(ii)

Identify two control variables in the investigation.

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(c)

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(d)

The results at 0.75 mol / dm³ are repeated. (d)

This is a graph of the student’s results.

Concentration of acid (mol / dm³)

What conclusion can you make from these results?

Include ideas about particles in your answer.

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Chemistry Paper 9 June 2019 Higher tier, Question 16 5 marks

The student measures how the pH of the solution changes as the acid is added.

Look at the graph of her results.

(a)

What volume of acid is needed to neutralise the alkali?

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(b)

The mixture becomes less alkaline as the acid is added.

Describe how the pH of the mixture changes as the acid is added.

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(c)

Explain why the mixture becomes less alkaline as the acid is added.

Use ideas about hydrogen ions and pH in your answer.

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Reactions of acids

Reactions of acids questions

OCR J250 Reactions of acids 22 questions

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2025 Foundation tier, Question 7 Foundation Chemistry Paper 3 · June 2025 · Question 7 1 mark

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2025 Foundation tier, Question 15, also on the Higher paper Foundation Chemistry Paper 3 · June 2025 · Question 15 Also on Higher 12 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2025 Higher tier, Question 11, also on the Foundation paper Higher Chemistry Paper 9 · June 2025 · Question 11 Also on Foundation 12 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2025 Higher tier, Question 15 Higher Chemistry Paper 9 · June 2025 · Question 15 13 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2024 Foundation tier, Question 8 Foundation Chemistry Paper 3 · June 2024 · Question 8 1 mark

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2024 Higher tier, Question 13 Higher Chemistry Paper 9 · June 2024 · Question 13 6 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2024 Higher tier, Question 14 Higher Chemistry Paper 9 · June 2024 · Question 14 11 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2023 Foundation tier, Question 3 Foundation Chemistry Paper 3 · June 2023 · Question 3 1 mark

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2023 Foundation tier, Question 14 Foundation Chemistry Paper 3 · June 2023 · Question 14 14 marks

Chemistry Paper 4 June 2023 Foundation tier, Question 16, also on the Higher paper Foundation Chemistry Paper 4 · June 2023 · Question 16 Also on Higher 12 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2023 Higher tier, Question 4 Higher Chemistry Paper 9 · June 2023 · Question 4 1 mark

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2023 Higher tier, Question 15 Higher Chemistry Paper 9 · June 2023 · Question 15 12 marks

Chemistry Paper 10 June 2023 Higher tier, Question 11, also on the Foundation paper Higher Chemistry Paper 10 · June 2023 · Question 11 Also on Foundation 12 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2022 Foundation tier, Question 4 Foundation Chemistry Paper 3 · June 2022 · Question 4 1 mark

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2022 Foundation tier, Question 14 Foundation Chemistry Paper 3 · June 2022 · Question 14 6 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 November 2021 Foundation tier, Question 12 Foundation Chemistry Paper 3 · November 2021 · Question 12 5 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 November 2021 Foundation tier, Question 13 Foundation Chemistry Paper 3 · November 2021 · Question 13 8 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 November 2020 Higher tier, Question 14 Higher Chemistry Paper 9 · November 2020 · Question 14 10 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 November 2020 Higher tier, Question 16 Higher Chemistry Paper 9 · November 2020 · Question 16 8 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2019 Foundation tier, Question 13 Foundation Chemistry Paper 3 · June 2019 · Question 13 7 marks

Chemistry Paper 4 June 2019 Foundation tier, Question 16 Foundation Chemistry Paper 4 · June 2019 · Question 16 9 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2019 Higher tier, Question 16 Higher Chemistry Paper 9 · June 2019 · Question 16 5 marks

Certified Combined Science memes. Peer-reviewed by nobody.

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2025 Foundation tier, Question 7 1 mark

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2025 Foundation tier, Question 15, also on the Higher paper 12 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2025 Higher tier, Question 11, also on the Foundation paper 12 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2025 Higher tier, Question 15 13 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2024 Foundation tier, Question 8 1 mark

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2024 Higher tier, Question 13 6 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2024 Higher tier, Question 14 11 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2023 Foundation tier, Question 3 1 mark

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2023 Foundation tier, Question 14 14 marks

Chemistry Paper 4 June 2023 Foundation tier, Question 16, also on the Higher paper 12 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2023 Higher tier, Question 4 1 mark

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2023 Higher tier, Question 15 12 marks

Chemistry Paper 10 June 2023 Higher tier, Question 11, also on the Foundation paper 12 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2022 Foundation tier, Question 4 1 mark

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2022 Foundation tier, Question 14 6 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 November 2021 Foundation tier, Question 12 5 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 November 2021 Foundation tier, Question 13 8 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 November 2020 Higher tier, Question 14 10 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 November 2020 Higher tier, Question 16 8 marks

Chemistry Paper 3 June 2019 Foundation tier, Question 13 7 marks

Chemistry Paper 4 June 2019 Foundation tier, Question 16 9 marks

Chemistry Paper 9 June 2019 Higher tier, Question 16 5 marks