Name one slave state added to the USA between 1793 and 1838.
[1]
Name one Indian tribe living on the Plains between 1839 and 1860.
[1]
Give one example of a difficulty faced by Homesteaders farming the Plains.
[1]
Write a clear and organised summary that analyses the American expansion from 1789 to 1838.
Support your summary with examples.
[9]
Why did Reconstruction do little to improve the lives of many African Americans? Support your
answer with examples.
[10]
4* ‘The discovery of gold was the main reason for migration to the West between 1839 and 1860.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer.
[18]
5* ‘The most significant change for the Plains Indians in the period 1877–1900 was the destruction of
the buffalo.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer.
[18]
What can Source A tell us about Hitler and the Nazi Party in January 1933? Use the source and
your own knowledge to support your answer.
Source A – An extract from Hitler’s speech, entitled ‘Appeal to the German people’, broadcast on the radio on 31 January 1933. Millions of Germans listened to the speech.
It is an appalling inheritance which we are taking over. Fourteen years of Communism have undermined Germany. The task before us is the most difficult which has ever faced Germany. But we believe in our nation and in its values. Farmers, workers, and the middle class must unite to build the new Reich.
The National Government will restore to the German people unity of mind and will. It will rise above position and class to bring our people again to an awareness of racial and political unity. It will make national discipline govern our life.
Within four years the German farmer must be free from impoverishment. Within four years unemployment must be overcome permanently.
In foreign policy the National Government will see regaining the freedom of our people as its highest mission. Germany will be a state of equal worth and with equal rights.
Now, German people, give us four years and then judge us and give your verdict! Let us make a start. We have no desire to fight for ourselves; only for Germany!
[7]
How useful are Sources B and C and Interpretation D for a historian studying total war in Germany between 1943 and 1945? In your answer, refer to the two sources and the interpretation as well as
your own knowledge.
Source B – From a report of a speech made by Goebbels in Berlin, February 1943. The report was produced by the Propaganda Ministry. Capitulation means giving up.
The English say that the German people are resisting the government’s total war measures. They say the German people do not want total war, but capitulation!
[Shouts from the crowd: Never! Never! Never!]
I ask you: do you believe with the Führer and with us in the final victory of the German people? I ask you: Are you determined to follow the Führer through thick and thin in the struggle for victory and to put up even with the heaviest personal burdens?... I ask you: Do you want total war? Do you want it, if necessary, more total and more radical than we can imagine it today?
[The crowd stood up and there are shouts of ‘Führer: command, we follow!’]
Source C – A British propaganda leaflet produced in 1943. The leaflet tried to justify the bombing of German cities to the British public.
Interpretation D – from the preface of a book by historian Gotz Aly, Hitler’s beneficiaries: plunder, racial war and the Nazi welfare state, published in 2008.
I was born in 1947 and still have memories of postwar Germany. People often talked about how they were better off during the war. ‘We were well off during the war,’ they complained. My mother told me that my aunt ‘got a package every few days from her husband who was serving in the army, which contained everything she could possibly want.’
It was only when I began work on this book that the truth behind these stories became clear to me. Hitler was able to maintain morale by sharing out the spoils of Germany’s military victories – the profits made from forced labour, confiscated property of murdered Jews, and the deliberate starvation of millions of people. Germans bombed out by Allied air raids were resupplied with furniture taken from Jews who had been deported and murdered. As I was writing this book, I found I could no longer take pleasure in several beautiful pieces of antique furniture in my home.
All these benefits made Germans open to Nazi propaganda and led them to support the Third Reich.
[15]
8* ‘Terror was more important than propaganda in controlling people in Nazi Germany between 1933
and 1939.’ How far do you agree with this view?
[18]
9* ‘Nazi policies made the lives of German people worse between 1933 and 1939.’ How far do you
agree with this view?
[18]
The paper as printed
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