Give one example of what medieval people thought caused the Black Death.
[1]
Name one response of the government to the gin craze in the period 1660–1751.
[1]
Name one individual who had a positive impact on public health in the nineteenth century.
[1]
Write a clear and organised summary that analyses people’s lifestyles since 1900. Support your
summary with examples.
[9]
Why were the authorities slow in reforming public health in Industrial Britain? Explain your answer.
[10]
4* ‘The creation of the NHS was the most significant improvement in public health in the twentieth
century.’ How far do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
[18]
5* How far do you agree that living conditions in towns during the Early Modern period (1500–1750)
were no better than during the Middle Ages? Give reasons for your answer.
[18]
In Interpretation A, the historian argues that most people in Elizabethan England did not share the views of the Puritans about dancing. Identify and explain one way in which she does this.
Interpretation A – an extract from an article by the historian Mary Pennino-Baskerville published in 1991.
It is no exaggeration to say that Elizabethan England was gripped by a dance mania that claimed high born and low, urban and rural, young and old. While commoners danced their morris dances and jigs, the nobles danced their elegant dances, prompting one visitor from Germany to remark that the English ‘excel in dancing and music’.
However, not all those who observed the enthusiasm of the English for dancing did so with admiration. Puritan moralists criticised dance on several counts: for the injuries it caused leading to lost work, for the social and economic problems it caused, and especially for the moral threat it posed. This hardly served to endear them to the population.
[3]
If you were asked to do further research on one aspect of Interpretation A, what would you choose to investigate? Explain how this would help us to analyse and understand popular
culture in Elizabethan England.
[5]
Interpretations B and C both focus on Elizabethan adventurers. How far do they differ and what
might explain any differences?
Interpretation B – An adapted extract from an article on the BBC Devon website from 2005.
ROYAL CEREMONY FOR RALEIGH STATUE
A £30,000 statue of Sir Walter Raleigh has been unveiled in a Devon village by the Duke of Kent.
The life-size statue in East Budleigh in Devon, where Raleigh was born, marks the end of a 12-year campaign to celebrate the famous explorer. It is sponsored by British American Tobacco in honour of Raleigh who brought tobacco from America. The explorer was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I in 1587.
Local MP Hugo Swire said: ‘I am delighted that we have a lasting memorial to one of our local heroes.’
Interpretation C – An extract from an article in the online newspaper International Business Times in July 2015.
We have an unhealthy habit for nostalgia in Britain. Rosy-eyed remembrance of British history – the Empire, Blitz spirit, and all the rest in between. This week, David Cameron, the Prime Minister, said ‘I think of the Age of Discovery, when our great explorers took to the waves. We need to employ some of that Elizabethan endeavour today.’
But the old English explorers of the Elizabethan era such as Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Francis Drake went around the globe, pillaging far-flung, newly discovered lands and colonising every tribe, town and civilisation they came across. Raleigh’s trip to colonise what he called Virginia in the Americas, ended with violence against natives. He brought back potatoes and tobacco (thanks Walt). And worse than Raleigh was Drake, a glorified pirate who loved nothing more than a seafaring life of robbery and violence.
[12]
8* In his 1956 book, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, former Prime Minister and historian Winston Churchill argued that there was ‘harmony’ between Elizabeth and Parliament during her
reign. How far do you agree with this view?
[20]
9* In her 2014 book God’s Traitors: Terror and Faith in Elizabethan England, historian Jessie Childs argues that Elizabeth I was ‘determined to kill off Catholicism in her country.’ How far do you agree
with this view?
[20]
The paper as printed
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