Give one example of how early modern towns tried to improve public health in their local areas
between 1500 and 1750.
[1]
Name one way in which people in towns obtained their water between 1750 and 1900.
[1]
Name one person whose work during the 1900s had a positive effect on public health.
[1]
Write a clear and organised summary that analyses responses to outbreaks of plague during the period 1348 (the Black Death) to c.1670.
Support your summary with examples.
[9]
Why did the gin craze become a significant public health issue during the period 1660 to 1751?
Explain your answer.
[10]
4* ‘Government action was not effective in improving public health between 1750 and 1900.’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer.
[18]
5* ‘Since c.1900, changes in living conditions and lifestyles in Britain have improved people’s health.’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer.
[18]
In Interpretation A, historian Suzannah Lipscomb gives an impression of the wealth and luxury associated with the Elizabethan nobility (upper class).
Identify and explain one way in which she does this.
Interpretation A
An extract from a recent podcast in which the historian Suzannah Lipscomb walked around Hardwick Hall, an Elizabethan country house, describing what she could see. Hardwick Hall was owned by Bess of Hardwick.
[3]
If you were asked to do further research on one aspect of Interpretation A, what would you choose to investigate?
Explain how this would help us to analyse and understand the Elizabethan nobility (upper class).
[5]
Interpretations B and C both focus on the treatment of Catholics in England during the reign of Elizabeth I.
How far do they differ and what might explain any differences?
Interpretation B
An extract from the tourist website of Harvington Hall, an Elizabethan manor house in Worcestershire. The house is now owned and run by the Catholic Church.
DISCOVER HARVINGTON HALL, THE HOUSE OF SECRETS
Explore the house as it was during Elizabeth I’s reign, when English Catholics lived in terror. Wealthy families like the Pakingtons, owners of Harvington, devised ways to keep their priests safe from priest hunters. The Hall boasts the country’s finest collection of priest holes. Priest holes were secret hiding spaces for Catholic priests, and there are seven at Harvington.
Priests endured cramped, cold, and dark conditions, sometimes hiding for over a week. As you explore Harvington, imagine the terrifying sounds of the priest hunters pulling up floorboards and stripping back wall panels. Imagine how the priests would have felt knowing that, when the house fell silent, the priest hunters were waiting to hear any sound. It was a real-life game of hide-and-seek, often with awful consequences.
Harvington Hall’s theatrical tours vividly depict the dangers faced by recusant families like the Pakingtons. Join us for a journey through fear, devotion, and persecution.
Interpretation C
An extract from a recent article by the historian Susan Doran in ‘BBC History Magazine’.
Under Elizabeth, the Church of England was flexible and moderate. Elizabeth would not listen to the extreme Protestants who attempted to introduce more radical religious changes.
Elizabeth also tried to prevent Catholic rebellion without following a policy of intense religious persecution. It is of course true that she signed the death warrant of Mary Queen of Scots, but she did this with great reluctance. It is also true that Jesuit priests and the people who hid them were imprisoned or executed under Elizabeth, but this was mainly because it was believed that the priests were being used by the Pope and Catholic Spain to stir up trouble against Elizabeth.
By the standards of that time, Elizabeth was a model of religious tolerance.
Jesuit priests are a type of Catholic priest.
[12]
8* In his 2011 book ‘A Brief History of Britain, 1485–1660’, historian Ronald Hutton argues that ‘Elizabeth’s reign is a story of many major successes’.
How far do you agree with this view of Elizabeth’s reign between 1580 and 1603 ?
Give reasons for your answer.
[20]
9* In a recent article on the English Heritage website, historian Diane Purkiss argues that it is ‘ untrue ’ that ‘witch-hunting was really women-hunting’.
How far do you agree with this view of accusations of witchcraft in Elizabethan England?
Give reasons for your answer.
[20]
The paper as printed
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