Give one example of how early modern towns tried to improve public health in their local areas
between 1500 and 1750.
[1]
Name one way in which people in towns obtained their water between 1750 and 1900.
[1]
Name one person whose work during the 1900s had a positive effect on public health.
[1]
Write a clear and organised summary that analyses responses to outbreaks of plague during the period 1348 (the Black Death) to c.1670.
Support your summary with examples.
[9]
Why did the gin craze become a significant public health issue during the period 1660 to 1751?
Explain your answer.
[10]
4* ‘Government action was not effective in improving public health between 1750 and 1900.’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer.
[18]
5* ‘Since c.1900, changes in living conditions and lifestyles in Britain have improved people’s health.’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer.
[18]
In Interpretation A, the podcaster gives us a negative impression of the role of knights in Norman culture.
Identify and explain one way in which he does this.
Interpretation A
An extract from ‘The British History Podcast’ by Jamie Jeffers. The podcast was made recently.
Before 1066, in Anglo-Saxon England, the sons of noblemen were expected to be educated and literate. They took an interest in culture and the arts. They were expected to take an interest in the law and in international events.
Anglo-Saxon England was sheltered from the culture of knights. This culture was at the centre of Norman society and mainly focused on horsemanship and war. Culturally, this was a disaster. A boy who trained as a Norman knight had no book learning. After fifteen or twenty years of education he would know how to do only two things: hunt and fight. He had no other useful skills, and looked down upon those who did.
Craftsmanship, education and the arts did not matter to Norman knights. Their self-worth and identity rested entirely on their ability to hand out violence. The culture of knights was brutish and barbaric. It created a flood of illiterate, uncultured young men who were desperate for an opportunity to be violent.
[3]
If you were asked to do further research on one aspect of Interpretation A, what would you choose to investigate?
Explain how this would help us to analyse and understand Normandy before 1066.
[5]
[12]
8* The history website ‘BBC Bitesize’ argues that Harold Godwinson had the ‘strongest claim’ to the English throne after Edward the Confessor’s death in January 1066.
How far do you agree with this view?
Give reasons for your answer.
[20]
9* In describing early Norman castles as ‘rather weak and primitive’, the website ‘www.worldhistory.biz’ suggests that they were not very effective.
How far do you agree with this view of Norman castles in England between 1066 and 1087?
Give reasons for your answer.
[20]
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