Give one example of how people responded to outbreaks of plague in the 1600s.
[1]
Give one reason why food in towns was of such low quality in the early 1800s.
[1]
Give one way that technology has made lifestyles less healthy since 1900.
[1]
Write a clear and organised summary that analyses air quality since 1900.
Support your summary with examples.
[9]
Why did public health improve in the second half of the 1800s?
Explain your answer.
[10]
4* ‘The authorities in towns and monasteries in medieval Britain (1250–1500) cared very little about public health.’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer.
[18]
5* ‘The gin craze was the most significant public health problem in the early modern period (1500– c.1750).’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer.
[18]
In Interpretation A, the author argues that the Edwardian period was a good time to live in Britain.
Identify and explain one way in which he does this.
Interpretation A
An extract from an article in a British newspaper in 2010.
Time to celebrate Edwardian Britain
The word ‘Edwardian’ conjures up something distinct in the minds of most intelligent people. It is an age remembered for its luxury, for the design of the Dreadnought and the power of the British Empire. One thinks of shooting parties that lasted weeks; several courses at every meal, including breakfast; enormous houses packed with servants, and equipped to accommodate the servants of visitors.
For the rich, it was a life of ease. For everyone, however, there was an experience of the self-confidence of the age. People rejoiced in a new wealth and national power that seemed constant and unbreakable. That it did break, and so violently and totally, is why we cling to the world that ended in August 1914 with such nostalgia.
Nostalgia means a sentimental longing for the past.
[3]
If you were asked to do further research on one aspect of Interpretation A, what would you choose to investigate?
Explain how this would help us to analyse and understand Edwardian society.
[5]
Interpretations B and C both focus on Unionist opposition to Home Rule in Ireland.
How far do they differ and what might explain any differences?
(Unionists wanted to preserve the Union between Britain and Ireland.)
Interpretation B
A mural painted by the modern day Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) in 2014 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It was painted for the 100th anniversary of the Larne gun running of 1914. This was when the UVF (a Unionist organisation) illegally smuggled arms and ammunition into Ireland. OCR is aware that third party material appeared in this exam but it has not been possible to identify and acknowledge the source.
Interpretation C
From an article on the Larne gun running of 1914. The article was published in 1993 in ‘History Ireland: Ireland’s History Magazine’. This magazine is based in Dublin, now in the Republic of Ireland.
On the night of 24–25 April 1914, militant (extremist) Unionists landed 25,000 rifles and three million rounds of ammunition, mainly at Larne in County Antrim. In this way they increased their challenge to Home Rule.
But there is a huge difference between the popular celebrations of Larne as a Unionist achievement and its real significance. The celebrations offer a simplified version of the past. The truth is that although most of the Unionist leaders said that Ulster would fight, in reality they hoped and believed that they would not have to. The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) was useful politically to threaten the British government and the Nationalists, but that was all. The Larne gun running was a publicity exercise mainly designed to keep the UVF’s morale high.
[12]
8* The ‘Wikipedia’ article about the Edwardian period says that it was a period of ‘great changes in political life’.
How far do you agree with this view of British politics between 1900 and 1914?
Give reasons for your answer.
[20]
9* In his recent book ‘Lloyd George at War’, historian George Cassar argued that the British government ‘handled matters on the Home Front (in Britain) effectively’ during the First World War (1914–1918).
How far do you agree with this view?
Give reasons for your answer.
[20]
The paper as printed
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