The heart & circulation

Which one of these can be defined as ‘the amount of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction’?

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the heart.

Name the four chambers labelled A, B, C and D in Figure 2.

Which one of these describes stroke volume?

Chris is an experienced 25-year-old 800m runner.

Table 1 shows Chris’s heart rate in beats per minute (bpm) at the start and during an 800m race.

Draw a line graph on the graph paper below to show Chris’s heart rate at the start and during an 800m race.

Label the axes.

Chris has a resting heart rate of 50 beats per minute (bpm).

Explain why Chris’s heart rate is higher at the start of the race than his resting heart rate.

Explain three factors that can affect Chris’s speed of recovery.

Chris’s breathing rate will change during the race.

Define tidal volume.

Explain the changes that occur to Chris’s tidal volume during the 800m race.

Describe the pathway of blood from when it enters the heart on the right side to where it leaves the heart on the left side.

Which one of these blood vessels transports oxygenated blood back to the left atrium?

Which one of these is the correct pathway of the blood in the cardiac cycle as it returns to the heart from the vena cava?

Figure 3 shows the structure of the heart.

Identify the chambers of the heart labelled X and Y in Figure 3.

What is the role of Z in Figure 3 ?

Complete the formula for cardiac output.

Figure 4 shows the heart rate of an individual before, during and in recovery from exercise.

Explain what is happening to the heart rate before exercise in Figure 4.

What is the intensity of exercise at point A in Figure 4 ?

Explain how vasodilation helps to direct blood flow when we exercise.