Edexcel IGCSE Biology Biology Paper 1 June 2015 question paper 4BI0/1B

Living organisms share some basic characteristics. Draw a straight line from each characteristic to its correct description. The first has been done for you.

Characteristic Description

The diagram shows a section through a rat. Some of the rat’s organs have been labelled.

What is meant by the term organ ?

Name the organ labelled in the diagram that is part of the circulation system.

Name three other systems shown in the diagram.

Name a system that is not shown in the diagram.

The table lists several processes that take place in the organs of a rat. Complete the table by naming the correct organ for each process.

The photograph shows a breed of dog called a Border Collie.

Border Collies can inherit an eye defect called CEA (Collie Eye Anomaly). The dominant allele D produces good vision but the recessive allele d produces poor vision.

The diagram shows the possible offspring from parents with different genotypes. Parents Offspring Key

All the offspring from cross R have good vision. Give the letters of the other crosses where all the offspring have good vision.

Give the phenotype of each parent used in cross P.

Which cross has a 50% probability of producing offspring with good vision?

Give the genotype of each of the offspring produced in cross T.

The crosses between the dogs are examples of sexual reproduction.

Name the gametes produced by males in sexual reproduction.

Name the gametes produced by females in sexual reproduction.

Give the term used to describe the fusion of gametes.

In which organ of a female parent do offspring develop?

This warning appears on the side of a cigarette packet. Smoking seriously damages your health and those around you

Describe how smoking damages the lungs.

If a pregnant woman smokes cigarettes it will increase the risk of her producing a smaller baby. This is because cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide. Suggest how carbon monoxide will increase the risk of producing a smaller baby.

A student is given two samples of carbohydrates. He tests to see if one is glucose and the other one is starch. Describe the two chemical tests he should use to identify each carbohydrate.

Different groups of organism store carbohydrate as different molecules. Complete the table to show an example from each group of organisms and the molecule they use to store carbohydrate.

Water in lakes can become polluted if too much phosphate is leached from the soil. The polluted water becomes very cloudy because of the growth of lots of microscopic plants called algae. It is possible to find out how polluted water is by using a black and white disk called a Secchi disk. The following technique is used. t the disk is lowered into the water using a rope t the disk is lowered into the water until it can no longer be seen t the depth when the disk is no longer seen is measured The diagrams show a Secchi disk and the way in which it is used.

Scientists used Secchi disks to test the pollution level of four lakes. The table shows the results.

They concluded that lake C was the most polluted with phosphate. Suggest two reasons why this conclusion may not be correct.

The graph shows changes in the level of phosphate and Secchi depth measurements, for one of the lakes over a 25-year period.

Using both graphs, describe the relationship between phosphate levels and Secchi depth.

The number of fish in the lake decreases over the 25-year period. Explain how the changes in phosphate levels might cause the decrease in the number of fish.

Seawater is sometimes polluted by raw sewage. This water also becomes cloudy and is not safe for humans to swim in. A scientist used Secchi disks to measure pollution in seawater at a beach during a year. The graph shows the depth at which he could no longer see the Secchi disk.

How many times during the year was the Secchi disk used to measure pollution?

In which month were most depth measurements taken?

Water may not be safe for swimming in at this beach. The scientist concluded that the only month when the water was not safe for swimming was April.

Give a reason to support this conclusion.

Suggest a reason to reject this conclusion.

An investigation was carried out to find out the effect of a growth hormone on milk production. Groups of cows were given different masses of a growth hormone. The volume of milk the cows produced was then measured. The graph shows the results.

mass of growth hormone given per day

How much growth hormone should have been given to the control group?

Describe the effect of growth hormone on milk production.

Farmers want to make reliable comparisons about the effect of different doses of growth hormone.

What was done in this investigation to make the results reliable?

Many variables that affect milk production need to be kept the same for each group of cows. This allows a valid comparison to be made between each group. Give two variables that need to be kept the same.

Growth hormone is a protein. It might be present in the milk produced by the cows and then be consumed by humans. Some people are worried that this may harm humans. Other people say that this is not a problem for two reasons. Firstly, the milk is pasteurised (heated to high temperatures). Secondly, the growth hormone is destroyed in the human stomach.

Suggest what happens to the growth hormone when milk is pasteurised.

Describe how the growth hormone could be destroyed in the stomach.

The growth hormone used in this investigation was obtained from genetically modified bacteria. Describe how bacteria can be genetically modified and used to produce growth hormone.

The data shows the number of heart attacks in men and women of different ages from 1969 to 1998 in one area in England.

Plot a bar graph to show the data in the table.

Describe how the data differs for men and women.

Give an explanation for the change in the number of heart attacks from 1969 to 1998.

Explain why reducing the blood supply to the heart muscle cells can cause a heart attack.

The diagram shows a cross section through a leaf.

Each part of the leaf is adapted for a specific function. Name each part of the leaf and explain how it helps the leaf in photosynthesis.

Layer A

Layer B

Layer C

Structure D

Water lilies float on the surface of ponds. Structure D is found on the upper surface of a water lily rather than the lower surface. Suggest a reason for this adaptation.

A student examined the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf from a land plant using a microscope. This is her diagram of the lower surface.

How many stomata are shown in the diagram?

Suggest how the upper surface of the land plant would differ from this diagram.

The diagram shows the male reproductive organs.

Name the structures labelled A, B and C.

A couple want to control their fertility. The man has an operation to cut tube B. Explain how this operation would prevent his partner from becoming pregnant.

The woman could also have an operation to cut her oviducts to prevent pregnancy. Suggest why the operation to cut tube B in males is much more common than the operation to cut the oviducts in females.

Structure C produces a hormone. Name this hormone and describe its functions.

Farmers in Asia add fertiliser to their crops to increase the yield. Fertilisers usually contain nitrate, phosphate and potassium. The table shows the farmers’ crop yield when the crops are given a fertiliser lacking one of these three minerals. A figure of 100% is the maximum yield with all three minerals given.

State the mineral that has the greatest effect on crop yield.

Explain why this mineral has the greatest effect on crop yield.

Which crop is most affected by the lack of potassium?

Suggest why the minerals had different effects on lowland rice and upland rice.

The yield is the mass of the useable part of the crop and is measured in kg per m². The yield is often measured in dry mass rather than fresh mass.

Suggest why dry mass is used.

Suggest how the dry mass of 10 kg of fresh potato tubers could be determined.

The table gives data as a percentage of the yield with all minerals present. Explain why a percentage is used rather than changes in kg per m².

A farmer grew another crop with all three minerals added. The maximum yield obtained was 12 kg per m². He grew the same crop with no nitrate and the yield was 5 kg per m². Calculate the percentage of the maximum yield when the crop was grown with no nitrate. Show your working.

Eating garlic is thought to reduce the chance of being bitten by insects, such as mosquitoes. Design an investigation to find out if people who have eaten garlic are less likely to attract mosquitoes than people who have not eaten garlic. Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences.