Edexcel IGCSE Biology Biology Paper 1 January 2019 question paper 4BI0/1B

1 (a) Diagram 1 shows a section through an eye with parts labelled A to F.

Give the letter that labels the cornea.

Give the letter that labels a jelly-like fluid.

Give the function of part A.

Diagram 2 shows a section through the eye of a person with a detached retina.

Suggest how a detached retina could affect vision.

Tubifex are worms that live in mud at the bottom of rivers and lakes. The diagram shows some Tubifex worms living in river mud.

Bacteria live in the mud and feed on dead plant material. Tubifex worms bury their heads in the mud to feed on these bacteria. Tubifex worms are eaten by fish.

Use this information to draw a food chain that includes Tubifex worms.

A scientist investigates the relationship between the mass of dead plant material in the river mud and the population size of Tubifex worms. The graph shows the scientist’s results.

Explain the relationship shown by the graph.

Tubifex worms contain haemoglobin. Some other species of worms do not contain haemoglobin. When the mass of dead plant material in river mud is very high, the population size of the other species decreases but the Tubifex population size continues to increase. Explain why the Tubifex population continues to increase while populations of other species decrease.

Suggest how a scientist could measure the mass of organic material in a sample of river mud.

Sperm cells are involved in fertilisation.

The diagram shows a human sperm cell.

Label the nucleus of this sperm cell.

State the number of chromosomes in the nucleus of this sperm cell.

State what is meant by the term fertilisation.

Dairy farmers want their cows to produce more female offspring. Scientists have developed a method to increase the percentage of female offspring from cows.

Suggest why dairy farmers want their cows to produce more female offspring.

In the scientists’ method, sperm cells containing X chromosomes are separated from sperm cells containing Y chromosomes. This is their method.

• add sperm cells to a solution of dye that stains DNA, so that the DNA reflects light

• pass the sperm cells through a cell sorter

• shine light on the sperm cells as they pass through the sorter

• separate the sperm cells into different tubes depending on the amount of light they reflect

Suggest how the scientists’ method can separate sperm cells containing an X chromosome from those containing a Y chromosome.

Scientists carried out an investigation to find out how successful a cell sorter is in separating X and Y chromosomes.

Sperm cells from the cell sorter produced 43 females out of a total of 44 offspring. Calculate the success of producing females as a percentage of the total number of offspring.

Give the control experiment that should be used in this investigation.

Predict the results of the control experiment.

Katydids are insects that are green and look like the leaves that they feed on. The photograph shows a katydid.

Explain how katydids affect the growth of the plants that they feed on.

Explain how katydids have evolved to look like leaves.

Pneumoconiosis is a lung disease caused by breathing in coal dust particles. The X-ray shows the lungs of a person with pneumoconiosis.

Coal dust particles collect in the alveoli and cannot be removed. Cells grow around these coal dust particles, forming tissue that traps the particles.

State what is meant by the term tissue.

Suggest why pneumoconiosis reduces the ability of a person to exercise.

In the UK, in 2013, breathing in dust particles resulted in diseases that caused 260 000 deaths. The graph shows the number of these deaths caused by breathing in dust particles of asbestos, coal and silica.

Calculate the number of deaths in the UK, in 2013, caused by breathing in dust particles other than asbestos, coal or silica.

number of deaths =_........

Give two conclusions that can be made from the data in the graph.

Yeast is a fungus used in the production of beer.

Name the part of a yeast cell that is made of chitin.

Name the carbohydrate stored in the cytoplasm of a yeast cell.

In beer production, yeast releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. A student uses this apparatus to investigate the effect of temperature on carbon dioxide production in yeast.

The student counts the number of carbon dioxide bubbles released per minute at different temperatures. The table shows the student’s results.

Describe how the student could change the temperature of the water during the investigation.

Describe how the student makes sure that the yeast cells respire anaerobically.

Give the independent variable in this investigation.

Give three ways in which the student could improve this investigation.

7 (a) The table lists descriptions of what happens in different human organs. Complete the table by giving the correct organ for each description. The first one has been done for you.

Describe the structure of the kidney. Refer to the structure of the nephron in your answer.

Plants produce their own food by photosynthesis.

Give the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis.

The table gives data from an investigation that measured the mass of carbon dioxide (CO₂ released globally between 1990 and 2014.

Plot a line graph to show the mass of CO₂ released globally between 1990 and 2014. Use a ruler to join your points with straight lines.

Calculate the percentage increase in the mass of CO₂ released globally between 1990 and 2014.

percentage increase =_........

Give three negative effects of increased levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere.

The concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere has increased. Explain how plants may limit this increase.

The diagram shows the human circulatory system, with blood vessels labelled A to N.

The table lists some of the blood vessels in the human circulatory system. Complete the table by giving the correct letter for each blood vessel. The first one has been done for you.

Use letters from the diagram to answer these questions.

Which blood vessel contains blood with the highest concentration of oxygen?

Which blood vessel carries blood at the highest pressure?

Which blood vessel is an artery that carries blood with a high concentration of carbon dioxide?

Scientists have developed a synthetic material that can be used to replace damaged arteries. State two properties that this synthetic material should have so that it can act as a suitable replacement for damaged arteries.

The body controls its internal environment. One example of this is control of the concentration of the blood.

Give the name for controlling the internal environment.

Give the name for controlling the concentration of the blood.

A person entering a warm environment may become dehydrated as the concentration of the blood changes. Explain how the concentration of their blood is restored.

A person’s response to a changing environment involves communication by nerves and by hormones. State three differences between communication by nerves and communication by hormones.

Machado-Joseph disease is a rare genetic condition that affects the nervous system. The condition is caused by a dominant allele and results in lack of control of motor coordination, reflexes and eye movements.

Explain what is meant by the term dominant allele.

The symptoms of Machado-Joseph disease do not become obvious until the person is more than 40 years old. Suggest why the late development of symptoms makes it difficult to reduce the number of people born with the condition.

A man who is heterozygous for this condition has a child with a woman who is homozygous recessive. Use a genetic diagram to show the genotypes of these parents, the gametes they produce and the genotypes and phenotypes of any possible offspring. Use the letter D for the dominant allele and d for the recessive allele.

Genotypes of parents

Gametes

Genotypes of offspring

Phenotypes of offspring

Machado-Joseph disease may have originated from a mutation in one person. Explain what is meant by the term mutation.

The passage describes carbohydrates used in different organisms. Complete the passage by writing a suitable word in each blank space.

Carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and_........ .

Plant cell walls are made of the carbohydrate,_........ . Plants store carbohydrate as starch. The starch in plant cells is_........ so it has no osmotic effect on the cell. The simple test for starch is to add a few drops of_........ solution to a sample. If the test is positive, the solution changes colour from_........ to_........ .

The storage carbohydrate in animals is_........ , which is found mainly in the muscles and in the_........ . If the blood glucose concentration increases then the hormone,_........ , is released by the_........ . This causes the conversion of blood glucose into the storage carbohydrate.

Micropropagation (tissue culture) is a method in which small pieces of plants (explants) are grown in vitro using nutrient media. Design an investigation to find out if adding more amino acids to the nutrient media increases the growth of the plants. Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences.