The human reproductive system

7 (a) The table lists descriptions of what happens in different human organs. Complete the table by giving the correct organ for each description. The first one has been done for you.

Describe the structure of the kidney. Refer to the structure of the nephron in your answer.

The diagram shows the male reproductive organs.

Name the structures labelled T and U.

Name two different liquids transported in tube W.

Explain the functions of structure V.

The passage describes reproduction in humans and in chickens. Complete the passage by writing a suitable answer in each blank space.

In humans, the hormone called_........ stimulates the repair of the

uterus lining. The ovum is then released from the_........ .

The ovum has a haploid number of 23 chromosomes.

Fertilisation occurs in the_........ tube. Fertilisation results

in a single cell called a_........ with a diploid number

of_........ chromosomes. This cell divides

by_........ to produce an embryo.

Sex inheritance in chickens is different from humans. In chickens the sex chromosomes are

called Z and W. In humans, the sex chromosomes are called_........ .

The sex chromosomes of a male chicken are ZZ and of a female chicken are ZW. This means that

the probability of parent chickens producing a male offspring is_........ .

In pigeons, the inheritance of bars at the end of the wings is controlled by a gene with two alleles. The allele for wing bars (B) is dominant to the allele for no wing bars (b). The diagram shows the phenotype of a pigeon with wing bars and the phenotype of a pigeon with no wing bars.

In a first cross, a heterozygous parent mates with a homozygous recessive parent. Complete the table by giving the genotype of each parent and the possible phenotypes of their offspring.

In a second cross, two heterozygous pigeons mate. Give the possible genotypes of their offspring.

This second cross only produces one offspring. Give the probability that this offspring will have wing bars.

The diagram shows part of the female reproductive system.

Put an X on the diagram to show the site where fertilisation normally occurs.

Name the structures labelled A, B and C.

Structure D has two different functions in reproduction. Describe these two functions.

Structure B produces a hormone that changes the female body at puberty.

Name this hormone.

Describe the effects of this hormone on the body at puberty.

The passage describes human reproduction. Complete the passage by writing a suitable word or words in each blank space.

During sexual intercourse the male’s_........ is inserted into the vagina. The male gametes, known as_........ , are released from the male urethra into the vagina. The male gametes carry on swimming until one meets a female gamete, known as the_........ . This process is fertilisation and takes place in a tube called the_........ .

The fertilised female gamete, also known as the_........ , moves down this tube. It undergoes the type of cell division called_........ and is now known as an_........ . This structure may then become implanted in the wall of the_........ .

The number of chromosomes in the fertilised female gamete is _........ the number found in the unfertilised gamete and is known as the_........ number.

The photograph shows a breed of dog called a Border Collie.

Border Collies can inherit an eye defect called CEA (Collie Eye Anomaly). The dominant allele D produces good vision but the recessive allele d produces poor vision.

The diagram shows the possible offspring from parents with different genotypes. Parents Offspring Key

All the offspring from cross R have good vision. Give the letters of the other crosses where all the offspring have good vision.

Give the phenotype of each parent used in cross P.

Which cross has a 50% probability of producing offspring with good vision?

Give the genotype of each of the offspring produced in cross T.

The crosses between the dogs are examples of sexual reproduction.

Name the gametes produced by males in sexual reproduction.

Name the gametes produced by females in sexual reproduction.

Give the term used to describe the fusion of gametes.

In which organ of a female parent do offspring develop?

The diagram shows the male reproductive organs.

Name the structures labelled A, B and C.

A couple want to control their fertility. The man has an operation to cut tube B. Explain how this operation would prevent his partner from becoming pregnant.

The woman could also have an operation to cut her oviducts to prevent pregnancy. Suggest why the operation to cut tube B in males is much more common than the operation to cut the oviducts in females.

Structure C produces a hormone. Name this hormone and describe its functions.

The diagram shows an insect pollinated flower called a lily.

Describe the features of an insect pollinated flower that help it to attract insects.

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants and mammals involves the process of gamete formation by meiosis followed by fertilisation. Use the words from the box to complete the table about sexual reproduction in flowering plants and mammals. Each word can be used once, more than once or not at all.

anther copulation fallopian tube ovary ovule placenta penis pollination seed testes uterus vagina zygote

Cell division in an organism can take place by mitosis or by meiosis. Give three ways in which mitosis differs from meiosis.

Suggest why a flower grower may want his coloured flowers to reproduce asexually.

The diagrams show the female and male reproductive systems.

The table lists some events that take place in the female reproductive system, some that take place in the male reproductive system, and some that take place in both. Complete the table by giving the letter, or letters, to indicate where each event takes place. The first one has been done for you.