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Condensation polymerisation

Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry

Topic questions Bonding, structure and the properties of matter Condensation polymerisation

Condensation polymerisation

7 questions · 81 marks · about 1.5 hours

Condensation polymerisation questions

TopicCondensation polymerisation

Chemistry Paper 2 November 2024, Question 7 12 marks

Also involves Titrations

This question is about alcohols and carboxylic acids.

(a)

These are the structural formulae of alcohol A and carboxylic acid B.

Alcohol A
CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

Carboxylic acid B CH₃(CH₂)_nCOOH

(a)(i)

Name alcohol A.

[1]

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(a)(ii)

Draw the displayed formula of alcohol A.

[1]

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(a)(iii)

Carboxylic acid B has a chain of carbon atoms with no branches.

The number of CH₂ units is represented by the letter n.

Calculate the value of n.

[for carboxylic acid B, M_r = 242]

[3]

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(a)(iv)

Alcohol A and carboxylic acid B react together to form an ester.

Give the other product of the reaction.

[1]

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(b)

These are the structural formulae of dicarboxylic acid C and diol D.

Dicarboxylic acid C HOOCCH₂CH₂COOH

Diol D
HOCH₂CH₂OH

(b)(i)

This is the equation for the reaction between dicarboxylic acid C and sodium hydroxide solution.

HOOCCH₂CH₂COOH + 2NaOH maths symbol NaOOCH₂CH₂COONa + 2H₂O

25.0 cm³ of 0.150 mol/dm³ sodium hydroxide solution is completely neutralised by 17.5 cm³ of a solution of dicarboxylic acid C.

Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm³, of the solution of dicarboxylic acid C.

Give your answer to three significant figures.

concentration =_........ mol/dm

[4]

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(b)(ii)

Dicarboxylic acid C and diol D react to form a polyester.

Draw the displayed formula of the repeat unit of this polyester.

[2]

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Chemistry Paper 2 November 2023, Question 5 11 marks

This question is about carboxylic acids and esters.

(a)

Ethanoic acid reacts with magnesium to form two products.

(a)(i)

Complete the equation for this reaction.

_........ +_........ maths symbol (CH₃COO)₂Mg +_........

[2]

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(a)(ii)

Give two observations that could be made during this reaction.

[2]

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(b)

Propanoic acid reacts with methanol to form an ester.

(b)(i)

Give the name of a suitable catalyst for this reaction.

[1]

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(b)(ii)

What is the structural formula of the ester that forms?

$Question 5, shown as an image$

[1]

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(c)

A polyester can be made by reacting ethanedioic acid with ethanediol.

These are the displayed formulae of the two reactants.

$Question 5, shown as an image$

ethanedioic acid
ethanediol

(c)(i)

Give the name for this type of polymerisation.

[1]

(c)(ii)

Give the name of the other product of this reaction.

[1]

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(c)(iii)

Draw the displayed formula for the repeat unit of the polyester that forms.

[2]

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(d)

State what is meant by the term biopolyester.

[1]

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Chemistry Paper 2 January 2023 (R), Question 4 9 marks

(a)

Hand sanitiser liquids are used regularly to reduce the spread of infections.

Three compounds P, Q and R are often present in these liquids.

(a)(i)

What type of formula is shown for P?

$Question 4, shown as an image$

[1]

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(a)(ii)

Compounds P, Q and R are members of the same homologous series.

Give two properties of a homologous series.

[2]

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(a)(iii)

Name the homologous series that contains compounds P, Q and R.

[1]

(a)(iv)

Give the name of compound Q.

[1]

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(b)

Diols and dicarboxylic acids react together in polymerisation reactions to form polyesters.

(b)(i)

Explain the name given to the type of polymerisation that occurs in these reactions.

[2]

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(b)(ii)

[2]

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Chemistry Paper 2 June 2022, Question 5 12 marks

(a)

An organic compound has this percentage composition by mass.

C = 40 % H = 6.7 % O = 53.3 %

(a)(i)

Show that the empirical formula of the compound is CH₂O

[2]

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(a)(ii)

Draw the structural formula of a compound with the molecular formula C₂H₄O₂

[1]

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(b)

Methanoic acid (HCOOH) reacts with sodium carbonate solution to give three products.

(b)(i)

Complete the equation for this reaction.

2HCOOH + Na₂CO₃ maths symbol _........ +_........ +_........

[2]

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(b)(ii)

State what you would observe in this reaction.

[1]

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(c)

Methanoic acid also reacts with propanol to form an ester.

The equation for the reaction is

$Question 5, shown as an image$

(c)(i)

Give the name of the ester that forms.

[1]

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(c)(ii)

State what is meant by the maths symbol symbol.

[1]

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(c)(iii)

When this reaction occurs in a sealed container, the reaction can reach dynamic equilibrium.

Give one characteristic of a reaction at dynamic equilibrium.

[1]

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(d)

A polyester forms when butanedioic acid reacts with ethanediol.

The diagram shows the repeat unit of the polyester that forms.

O O

$Question 5, shown as an image$

(d)(i)

Give the name of this type of polymerisation.

[1]

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(d)(ii)

Draw the structural formulae of the two monomers used to make this polyester.

[2]

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Chemistry Paper 2 January 2022, Question 7 15 marks

Also involves Amounts of substance in equations

This question is about esters.

Ester A reacts with water to form ethanoic acid and ethanol.

The displayed formulae of the reactants and products are shown in this equation

$Question 7, shown as an image$

ester A

The molar enthalpy change (Δ H) for the reaction is 0 kJ/mol.

(a)(i)

Draw a ring around the functional group in ester A.

[1]

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(a)(ii)

Give the name of ester A.

[1]

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(a)(iii)

Describe a chemical test, other than using an indicator, to show that the reaction mixture contains ethanoic acid.

[2]

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(b)

Explain why the molar enthalpy change (Δ H) for the reaction between ester A and water is 0 kJ/mol.

In your answer, refer to the bonds broken and the bonds formed.

[2]

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(c)

A mixture of ester A and water is left in a sealed container until the reaction mixture reaches dynamic equilibrium.

(c)(i)

Describe what is meant by dynamic equilibrium.

[2]

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(c)(ii)

Explain why adding a catalyst does not change the position of equilibrium.

[2]

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(d)

The ethanoic acid produced in the reaction is completely neutralised by 22.75 cm³ of 0.150 mol/dm³ barium hydroxide solution.

The equation for the neutralisation reaction is

$Question 7, shown as an image$

Calculate the amount, in moles, of ethanoic acid neutralised.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

[3]

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(e)

The structures of two organic compounds are shown.

$Question 7, shown as an image$

These compounds react together to form a polymer.

Give the repeat unit of the polymer formed.

[2]

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Chemistry Paper 2 November 2021, Question 6 11 marks

Also involves Amounts of substance in equations · Titrations · Addition polymerisation

This question is about alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters.

(a)

Ethanol can be manufactured by reacting ethene with steam in the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst.

Which row gives the correct conditions of temperature and pressure for this reaction?

[1]

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(b)

Give the displayed formula of butanol.

[1]

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(c)

Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH) is a carboxylic acid present in vinegar.

(c)(i)

The concentration of CH₃COOH in vinegar can be found by titration with aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH).

The equation for the reaction is

CH₃COOH + KOH maths symbol CH₃COOK + H₂O

In a titration, a 25.0 cm³ sample of vinegar is neutralised by 45.00 cm³ of KOH solution of concentration 0.400 mol/dm³.

Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm³, of CH₃COOH in this sample of vinegar.

concentration =_........ mol/dm

[2]

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(c)(ii)

A sample of vinegar containing 0.0030 mol of CH₃COOH is poured into a flask.

Calculate the maximum volume, in cm³, of carbon dioxide gas formed at rtp when excess sodium carbonate is added to the flask.

The equation for the reaction is

$Question 6, shown as an image$

[Assume that the molar volume of carbon dioxide at rtp is 24 000 cm³]

[2]

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(d)

Alcohols react with carboxylic acids to form esters.

Which alcohol could react to form the ester ethyl propanoate?

$Question 6, shown as an image$

[1]

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(e)

Polyesters are formed in condensation polymerisation reactions between dicarboxylic acids and diols.

(e)(i)

State one difference between condensation polymerisation and addition polymerisation.

[1]

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(e)(ii)

The repeat unit of a polyester is

O O H H

$Question 6, shown as an image$

H H

Give the displayed formula of each of the two monomers needed to form this polyester.

[2]

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(e)(iii)

Give one advantage of biopolyesters.

[1]

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Chemistry Paper 2 January 2020, Question 6 11 marks

Ethanol, C₂H₅OH, can be manufactured from ethene and steam using a phosphoric acid catalyst.

(a)(i)

State the temperature and pressure used in this manufacturing process.

[2]

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(a)(ii)

Draw the displayed formula of ethanol.

[1]

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(b)

Ethanol burns in a plentiful supply of air to form carbon dioxide and water.

(b)(i)

Give the chemical equation for this reaction.

[2]

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(b)(ii)

When the air supply is limited, incomplete combustion occurs and carbon monoxide forms.

State why carbon monoxide is poisonous to humans.

[1]

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(c)

When ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid, an ester forms.

Give the name of this ester.

[1]

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(d)

Butanedioic acid and ethanediol react together to form a polyester and water.

(d)(i)

Give the name of this type of polymerisation.

[1]

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(d)(ii)

Complete the equation.

Show only one repeat unit of the polyester.

O O

$Question 6, shown as an image$

[3]

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