OCR A Level Physics A Modelling Physics June 2023 question paper H556/01

Which row contains only scalar quantities?

A Absolute temperature, displacement, moment

B Acceleration, force, momentum

C Gravitational potential, kinetic energy, mass

D Kinetic energy, mass, momentum

Your answer

Which row in the table correctly identifies the elastic limit, fracture and ultimate tensile strength in

Your answer

A tennis ball is hit with a racket. The graph shows the force the ball exerts on the racket.

What is the magnitude of the change in momentum of the ball?

A 2.3 kg m s^–1

B 3.8 kg m s^–1

C 2300 kg m s^–1

D 3800 kg m s^–1

Your answer

Two identical spheres, each of mass 8700 kg, have a space of 3.6 m between their centres.

What is the magnitude of the gravitational force they exert on each other?

2.0 × 10^–3 N A

3.9 × 10^–4 N B

7.5 × 10^–4 N C

4.5 × 10^–8 N D

Your answer

During cold weather salt is spread on roads causing ice to melt without changing its temperature.

Which statement correctly describes the energy of the water particles during this process?

A Potential and kinetic energies increase

B No energy changes occur

C Only kinetic energy increases

D Only potential energy increases

Your answer

An experiment is carried out to estimate the value of absolute zero using the variation of gas pressure with temperature. The apparatus is shown below.

Which variable must be controlled during the experiment?

A Pressure of the gas

B Temperature of the gas

C Volume of the gas

D None of the above

Your answer

A satellite is in geostationary orbit 36 000 km above the Earth’s surface. The Earth has a radius of 6400 km.

At what speed is the satellite moving relative to the centre of the Earth?

0 m s^–1 A

490 m s^–1 B

2.6 km s^–1 C

3.1 km s^–1 D

Your answer

During the evolution of the universe there was a period of inflation.

Which forms of matter, if any, existed 10^–10 s after the big bang?

A Atoms

B Leptons

C None

D Quarks

Your answer

Part of the emission spectrum for hydrogen in a laboratory is shown. All wavelengths are given

Which diagram shows the corresponding part of the absorption spectrum observed from Earth emitted from a galaxy moving away with a velocity of 0.031 c?

Your answer

An early estimate for the Hubble constant was 500 km s^–1 Mpc^–1. 15

What is the value of this estimate in units of s^–1?

1 parsec = 3.1 × 10¹⁶ m

2.3 × 10^–18 A

1.6 × 10^–17 B

1.6 × 10^–5 C

D 0.5

Your answer

The diagram shows a road where vehicles travel at high speeds.

Markings painted on the road surface are spaced 40 m apart.

Drivers are advised to keep at least two markings visible on the road between them and the vehicle in front.

The maximum speed vehicles travel at on the road is 110 km/hr. The table shows data from a driving manual for a vehicle travelling on a straight, horizontal road.

Calculate the maximum speed v of vehicles on the road in S.I. units.

A vehicle passes over one of the markings.

Calculate time taken to travel the 40 m distance between the two markings.

Using the table, explain why having markings 40 m apart helps prevent collisions.

A vehicle with mass 1600 kg is travelling at 110 km / hr. The driver sees an obstruction and applies the brakes to bring the vehicle to rest in 5.6 s.

Estimate the magnitude of the average resultant force F required to bring the vehicle to rest.

Explain the effect on the distance required to bring the vehicle to rest if the road has an upwards slope.

Draw an arrow labelled T on the diagram to represent the tension in the rod.

Show that the radius of the circular path followed by the sandbag is about 10 m.

Calculate the tension T in the rod.

Show that the angular velocity of the ride is about 0.8 radians per second.

When the seat is at its highest point the sandbag is 17 m above the ground. The sandbag is released from the seat to model an object being dropped by a rider.

Calculate t, the time taken for the sandbag to reach the ground.

Using your answer to (a)(iv), determine the horizontal displacement s travelled by the sandbag before hitting the ground.

Determine, with reasons, the effect on the horizontal displacement travelled if the object released from the ride was a shoe from a rider.

18* A student is attempting to determine the value of g, the acceleration due to gravity, by two different methods.

Method 1. Vertical drop method

Measuring the time of fall of a small dense ball being dropped from rest from different heights.

Method 2. Rolling ball method

Measuring the time it takes for the same ball to roll 1.900 m down a ramp, set at different angles.

Single sets of results are shown below. The times were measured using a standard stopwatch operated by the student.

Compare and discuss the uncertainties of the two values of g that could be obtained using these single measurements.

Describe how the student would analyse both sets of data when a full range of results has been taken.

Additional space if required

Describe how to find the centre of mass of a 2-dimensional shape, including any equipment required.

Fig. 19 shows a bridge.

The bridge can be raised by an electric motor to allow tall ships to pass underneath.

The moving section of the bridge is 14 m long and has a weight of 120 kN.

The centre of mass of the structure is 6.3 m from the pivot.

Calculate the average power required to raise the bridge to a vertical position in 90 s.

Suggest why the actual electric motor used to lift the bridge has a maximum power output several times larger than the value calculated in (b)(i).

A sealed container contains n moles of an ideal gas. The gas has pressure p, absolute temperature T and occupies volume V.

The mass of one mole of the gas is M.

Use an ideal gas equation to show that the density of the gas is given by the expression

An airship has a cabin suspended underneath a gasbag inflated with helium.

The airship is floating above the ground and is stationary.

The volume of the gasbag is 12 000 m³. The temperature of the helium and the surrounding air is 20 °C. Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 10⁵ Pa. The molar mass of air is 0.029 kg mol^–1. The volume of the cabin is negligible compared to the volume of the gasbag.

Show that the density of air under the conditions described is about 1.2 kg m^–3. (i)

Calculate the weight of air displaced by the airship.

weight of air........ N

Explain why the weight of air displaced by the airship has the same magnitude as the weight of the airship and its contents.

The pressure of the helium in the gasbag is maintained at a value only slightly greater than atmospheric pressure. Suggest why a larger pressure is not used.

The airship engine drives a fan which moves 7.8 kg of air per second at a relative speed of 45 m s^–1, so the airship starts to move.

All other conditions given in (b) remain the same.

Calculate the thrust that the engine produces.

The airship has a higher maximum speed at high altitudes, but also produces less thrust from the engine.

Explain these observations.

Show that the equation above is homogeneous by reducing the equation to SI base units.

Explain why the magnitude of the resultant force F on the glider is given by F = 2 kx where x is the displacement at any time.

State and explain the effect, if any, of increasing the initial displacement on the period of the subsequent motion.

Masses are added to the glider, and the measurement of 20 T repeated.

The results table is below.

Describe two different errors in the table.

Plot the first data point from the table on the graph below.

The other points have all been plotted. The table of results is repeated on the opposite page.

Include on your graph a line of best fit.

Use the graph to determine the value of k.

=........ N m^–1 k

When the initial displacement is increased, one spring increases its extension while the extension of the other spring decreases.

Explain why the maximum kinetic energy of the motion increases.

The Hipparcos space telescope used stellar parallax with a precision of 9.7 × 10^–4 arcseconds to determine the distance to stars.

One of the stars studied was Polaris A. Data about this star is in the table below.

Estimate the maximum stellar distance in parsecs that could be measured using Hipparcos.

Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of the distance to Polaris A.

A continuous stream of particles called a solar wind flows from the surface of the star into the surrounding space.

These particles include helium nuclei of mass 6.6 × 10^–27 kg.

Assume that the atmosphere is modelled as an ideal gas.

Show that the typical kinetic energy of a helium nucleus in the atmosphere is about 10^–16 J.

The gravitational potential energy of a helium nucleus in the outer layer of the star is –2.3 × 10^–16 J.

Calculate the gravitational potential energy U at the maximum distance from the star that a helium nucleus could reach.

Calculate the distance from the centre of the star reached by this helium nucleus.

Explain why the star has a solar wind that reaches a much greater distance from the star than found in (iii).