Nanoparticles

This question is about nanoparticles.

Figure 9 represents a type of nanoparticle made of carbon atoms.

What is the name of the type of nanoparticle in Figure 9 ?

Tick () one box.

Nanoparticles of the type in Figure 9 are slippery.

Which structural feature of these nanoparticles makes them slippery?

Tick () one box.

A nanoparticle of a metal has a diameter of 15 nm.

A fine particle of the metal has a diameter of 1500 nm.

How many times larger is the diameter of the fine particle than the diameter of the nanoparticle?

Tick () one box.

Figure 10 represents a cubic nanoparticle.

The surface area of the cubic nanoparticle is 96 nm².

Calculate:

the volume of the cubic nanoparticle

the simplest whole number ratio of surface area: volume for the cubic nanoparticle.

The volume of a cube = (length of side)³

A substance can be used to provide a scratchproof coating on reading glasses.

The coating is a single layer of particles of the substance.

Nanoparticles are used instead of normal-sized particles.

Complete the sentences.

When using nanoparticles instead of normal-sized particles, the thickness of the

This question is about small particles.

Before the discovery of the electron, atoms were thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided.

The discovery of the electron led to the plum pudding model of the atom.

Describe the plum pudding model of the atom.

The model of the atom changed again after the alpha particle scattering experiment.

Give two conclusions that were made from the alpha particle scattering experiment.

Niels Bohr made another change to the model of the atom.

What was this change?

A helium atom has a radius of 1.4 × 10^–10 m.

The nucleus of this atom has a radius of 1.7 × 10^–15 m.

How many times larger is the radius of the atom than the radius of the nucleus?

Tick () one box.

Nanoparticles contain a few hundred atoms.

Figure 5 represents a cubic nanoparticle.

Calculate the simplest surface area: volume ratio of the cubic nanoparticle.

Lenses in reading glasses often have a scratch-resistant coating that contains a hard substance.

Nanoparticles of the hard substance are used instead of fine particles of the hard substance.

Explain why nanoparticles are used instead of fine particles.

This question is about small particles.

What is the approximate number of atoms in a nanoparticle?

Tick () one box.

Nanoparticles of some elements can be used as catalysts.

Which element is most likely to be used as a catalyst?

Use the periodic table.

Tick () one box.

Nanoparticles are used in sun creams and in wound dressings.

A wound dressing is placed next to the skin to prevent infection.

Figure 8 shows a wound dressing.

Table 2 shows some information about substances used in the form of nanoparticles.

Draw one line from each use to the best substance for that use.

Figure 9 shows a cubic nanoparticle.

Calculate:

• the surface area of the cubic nanoparticle

• the volume of the cubic nanoparticle

• the simplest whole number ratio of surface area: volume for the cubic nanoparticle.

Use the equation:

surface area of cubic nanoparticle = 6 × surface area of one face

Simplest whole number ratio of surface area: volume =

This question is about small particles.

Which type of particle is often referred to as dust? Tick (✓) one box.

A spherical coarse particle has a diameter of 4000 nm. A spherical fine particle has a diameter of 200 nm. How many times larger is the diameter of the coarse particle than the diameter of the fine particle? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 6 represents a cubic nanoparticle.

The volume of the cubic nanoparticle is 27 nm³. Calculate:

• the surface area of the cubic nanoparticle

• the simplest whole number ratio of surface area: volume for the cubic nanoparticle.

Use the equation: surface area of cubic nanoparticle = 6 × surface area of one face

Titanium oxide is used in some sun creams.

Which is an advantage of using nanoparticles of titanium oxide rather than normal-sized particles of titanium oxide in sun creams? Tick (✓) one box.

Titanium oxide contains Ti⁴⁺ ions and O²⁻ ions. What is the formula of titanium oxide? Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about titanium dioxide (TiO₂).

Self-cleaning windows are coated with a layer of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide:

• helps sunlight break down dirt particles

• attracts water, so dirt is washed away by rain.

Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide are used instead of fine particles of titanium dioxide for coating self-cleaning windows. Suggest two reasons why.

Titanium is extracted from titanium dioxide in a two-stage process. The equation for the first stage in the process is:

Calculate the volume of chlorine gas needed to react completely with 100 kg of titanium dioxide. Relative atomic masses (A_r): O = 16 Ti = 48 The volume of one mole of gas = 24 dm³

This question is about small particles.

Coarse particles, fine particles and nanoparticles are all small particles.

Which is the largest particle?

Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 12 shows a cubic nanoparticle.

The surface area of the cubic nanoparticle is 24 nm².

Calculate:

• the volume of the cubic nanoparticle

• the simplest surface area: volume ratio of the cubic nanoparticle.

Catalysts made of nanoparticles are often more effective than catalysts made of normal sized particles.

Complete the sentences.

Compared with normal sized particles, the surface area to volume ratio of

This means that the mass of a nanoparticle catalyst needed to have the same effect

Silver nanoparticles can be added to the material used to make socks.

Some facts about silver and bacteria are:

• silver nanoparticles are small enough to be breathed in

• silver is very expensive

• silver can kill bacteria

• bacteria can cause infections

• bacteria can break down sweat to produce unpleasant smells.

Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of wearing socks containing silver nanoparticles.

An atom has a radius of 1 × 10⁻¹⁰ m.

A spherical nanoparticle has a radius of 1 × 10⁻⁸ m.

How many times larger is the radius of the nanoparticle than the radius of the atom?

Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about elements, compounds and mixtures.

Substance A contains only one type of atom.

Substance A does not conduct electricity.

Which type of substance is A ?

Tick (✓) one box.

Substance B contains two types of atoms.

The atoms are chemically combined together in fixed proportions.

Which type of substance is B ?

Tick (✓) one box.

What is the name of the elements in Group 0 of the periodic table?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which statement about the elements in Group 0 is correct?

Tick (✓) one box.

Neon is in Group 0.

What type of particles are in a sample of neon?

Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 1 represents part of the structure of an oxide of a metal.

Determine the empirical formula of this oxide.

Empirical formula = XO___

A nanoparticle of a metallic element is a cube.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the nanoparticle.

The surface area of a cube is given by the equation:

surface area = length of side² × 6

Calculate the surface area of the cube in Figure 2.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Fine and coarse particles of the metallic element are also cubes.

The length of a fine particle cube is 10 times smaller than the length of a coarse particle cube.

How does the surface area to volume ratio of the fine particle cube compare with that of the coarse particle cube?

Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about materials and their properties.

Figure 13 shows a carbon nanotube.

The structure and bonding in a carbon nanotube are similar to graphene. Carbon nanotubes are used in electronics because they conduct electricity. Explain why carbon nanotubes conduct electricity.

Figure 14 shows a badminton racket.

Table 4 shows some properties of materials. The materials could be used to make badminton racket frames.

Evaluate the use of the materials to make badminton racket frames. Use Table 4.

Zinc oxide can be produced as nanoparticles and as fine particles.

A nanoparticle of zinc oxide is a cube of side 82 nm Figure 15 represents a nanoparticle of zinc oxide.

Calculate the surface area of a nanoparticle of zinc oxide. Give your answer in standard form.

Some suncreams contain zinc oxide as nanoparticles or as fine particles. Suggest one reason why it costs less to use nanoparticles rather than fine particles in suncreams.

This question is about materials and their properties.

Figure 3 shows a carbon nanotube.

The structure and bonding in a carbon nanotube are similar to graphene. Carbon nanotubes are used in electronics because they conduct electricity. Explain why carbon nanotubes conduct electricity.

Figure 4 shows a badminton racket.

Table 1 shows some properties of materials. The materials could be used to make badminton racket frames.

Evaluate the use of the materials to make badminton racket frames. Use Table 1.

Zinc oxide can be produced as nanoparticles and as fine particles.

A nanoparticle of zinc oxide is a cube of side 82 nm Figure 5 represents a nanoparticle of zinc oxide.

Calculate the surface area of a nanoparticle of zinc oxide. Give your answer in standard form.

Some suncreams contain zinc oxide as nanoparticles or as fine particles. Suggest one reason why it costs less to use nanoparticles rather than fine particles in suncreams.

This question is about mixtures.

Substances are separated from a mixture using different methods.

Draw one line from each substance and mixture to the best method of separation.

Substance and mixture
Method of separation

A student filters a mixture.

Figure 1 shows the apparatus.

Suggest one improvement to the apparatus.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

Figure 2 shows the arrangement of atoms in a pure metal and in a mixture of metals.

Calculate the percentage of metal B atoms in the mixture of metals shown in Figure 2.

What is a mixture of metals called?

Tick one box.

Why is the mixture of metals in Figure 2 harder than the pure metal?

Tick one box.

A nanoparticle of pure metal A is a cube.

Each side of the cube has a length of 20 nm.

Figure 3 shows the cube.

What is the volume of the nanoparticle?

Tick one box.