AQA GCSE Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation June 2023 question paper 8462/1F

This question is about atoms. Atoms contain three types of particle:

• electrons

• neutrons

• protons.

Which particle has no electrical charge? Tick (✓) one box.

Which particles have the same relative mass? Tick (✓) one box.

The formula of a compound is N₂O How many of each type of atom are in one molecule of N₂O?

An atom of element Z contains:

• 3 electrons

• 4 neutrons

• 3 protons.

Give the name of element Z. Use the periodic table.

Complete Figure 1 to show the position of the particles in an atom of element Z. Use the symbols: = electron = neutron = proton

This question is about acids and alkalis.

Acids and alkalis are substances that produce ions in aqueous solution. Draw one line from each substance to the ion always produced by that substance in aqueous solution.

Ion always produced in

What type of aqueous solution has a pH of 11? Tick (✓) one box.

A student determined the reacting volumes of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution by titration. This is the method used.

1. Measure 25.0 cm³ of the sodium hydroxide solution.

2. Add the sodium hydroxide solution to a conical flask.

3. Add 3 drops of indicator to the sodium hydroxide solution.

4. Add the hydrochloric acid drop by drop until the indicator changes colour.

5. Record the volume of the hydrochloric acid added.

6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 three more times.

Which piece of equipment should be used to measure 25.0 cm³ of the sodium hydroxide solution in step 1? Tick (✓) one box.

Which piece of equipment should be used to add the hydrochloric acid drop by drop in step 4? Tick (✓) one box.

Table 1 shows the results.

Which is the anomalous result in Table 1 ?

Suggest one reason for the anomalous result in Table 1.

The student used a solution of sodium hydroxide of concentration 4.00 g/dm³. Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide in 25.0 cm³ of this solution.

This question is about carbon.

Which type of substance is carbon? Tick (✓) one box.

Carbon has isotopes with mass numbers 12, 13 and 14. Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box.

12 g of carbon contains 6.02 ×10²³ atoms. Which expression is used to calculate the mass of one atom of carbon? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 2 shows diagrams that represent different forms of carbon.

Which diagram in Figure 2 represents Buckminsterfullerene? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 3 represents part of the structure of graphite.

Draw one line from each property of graphite to the structural feature that is the reason for that property.

This question is about alloys. Solders are alloys of tin and lead. Different solders have different percentages of tin and lead. Figure 4 shows the arrangement of atoms in pure tin and in a solder.

The solder in Figure 4 has 6 lead atoms for every 24 tin atoms. Determine the percentage of atoms that are lead atoms in the solder in Figure 4.

Explain why solder is harder than pure tin. Complete the sentences. Use Figure 4. In solder the layers are distorted.

Therefore the layers cannot easily

Figure 5 shows how the melting point of the solder changes with the percentage by mass of tin in the solder.

Describe what happens to the melting point of the solder as the percentage by mass of tin increases. Use data from Figure 5.

What is the melting point of pure tin? Use Figure 5.

What happens to the atoms in pure tin as the tin melts? Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about small particles.

Which type of particle is often referred to as dust? Tick (✓) one box.

A spherical coarse particle has a diameter of 4000 nm. A spherical fine particle has a diameter of 200 nm. How many times larger is the diameter of the coarse particle than the diameter of the fine particle? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 6 represents a cubic nanoparticle.

The volume of the cubic nanoparticle is 27 nm³. Calculate:

• the surface area of the cubic nanoparticle

• the simplest whole number ratio of surface area: volume for the cubic nanoparticle.

Use the equation: surface area of cubic nanoparticle = 6 × surface area of one face

Titanium oxide is used in some sun creams.

Which is an advantage of using nanoparticles of titanium oxide rather than normal-sized particles of titanium oxide in sun creams? Tick (✓) one box.

Titanium oxide contains Ti⁴⁺ ions and O²⁻ ions. What is the formula of titanium oxide? Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about metals.

Platinum is used to make jewellery. Suggest one reason why platinum is used to make jewellery.

Figure 7 shows a piece of sodium being added to water.

Give two observations that could be seen when sodium is added to water.

Copper is a transition element. Sodium is a Group 1 element. What are two differences between copper and sodium? Tick (✓) two boxes.

The metals aluminium and copper can be used to make pans for cooking. Table 2 shows information about the two metals. The higher the value for thermal conductivity, the better the metal conducts thermal energy.

Evaluate the use of pans made of aluminium and of copper. Use Table 2.

This question is about ionic compounds and electrolysis. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound.

Figure 8 represents part of the structure of solid sodium chloride.

Complete Figure 8.

Give one reason why molten sodium chloride conducts electricity. Refer to ions in your answer.

Table 3 shows products of the electrolysis of two molten ionic compounds. Complete Table 3.

Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis. The electrolyte is a molten mixture of aluminium oxide and cryolite. Why is a mixture used instead of pure aluminium oxide as the electrolyte? Tick (✓) one box.

Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate produces hydrogen and oxygen. What is the source of the hydrogen and the oxygen produced during the electrolysis of aqueous sodium sulfate solution? Tick (✓) one box.

Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate produces hydrogen and oxygen.

Why is hydrogen produced instead of sodium in the electrolysis of aqueous sodium sulfate solution? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 9 shows the relationship between the volume of hydrogen and the volume of oxygen produced during the electrolysis.

Give one conclusion that can be made about the volume of hydrogen produced compared to the volume of oxygen produced.

This question is about displacement reactions.

Iron is extracted from iron oxide by a displacement reaction with carbon.

Balance the equation for the reaction.

Iron oxide is reduced in this reaction. How does the equation show that iron oxide is reduced?

Calculate the relative formula mass (M_r) of Fe₂O₃ Relative atomic masses (A_r): O = 16 Fe = 56

Copper oxide reacts with hydrogen to produce copper. The equation for the reaction is:

Calculate the percentage atom economy for obtaining copper from this reaction. Use the equation:

Relative atomic mass (A_r): Cu = 63.5 Relative formula masses (M_r): H₂ = 2 CuO = 79.5

A student investigated the reactivity of four different metals, A, B, C and D. The student:

• added each metal to aqueous solutions of each of the metal sulfates

• observed whether a reaction took place.

Give one observation that would show a reaction took place.

Table 4 shows the results.

shows that a displacement reaction took place. × shows that a displacement reaction did not take place. Write metals A, B, C and D in order of reactivity. Give a reason for your order of reactivity.

Discoveries in chemistry led to a better understanding of atomic structure.

Atoms were originally thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided. The plum pudding model of the atom was then developed. Figure 10 represents the plum pudding model of the atom.

Describe the plum pudding model of the atom.

Atoms contain electrons, neutrons and protons. Write these three particles in order of their discovery.

Very few atoms of the element tennessine (Ts) have ever been identified. The atomic number of tennessine is 117

Predict the number of outer shell electrons in an atom of tennessine. Give one reason for your answer. Use the periodic table. Number of outer shell electrons

Tennessine was first identified by a small group of scientists in 2010. Suggest one reason why tennessine was not accepted as a new element by other scientists until 2015.

The discovery of isotopes explained why some relative atomic masses are not whole numbers. Element R has two isotopes. Table 5 shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the isotopes of element R.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of element R. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

This question is about temperature changes.

A student investigated the change in temperature of a solution when different masses of ammonium nitrate were dissolved in water. This is the method used.

1. Measure 200 cm³ of water into a polystyrene cup.

2. Measure the temperature of the water.

3. Add 4.0 g of ammonium nitrate to the water.

4. Stir the solution until all the ammonium nitrate has dissolved.

5. Measure the lowest temperature reached by the solution.

6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 with different masses of ammonium nitrate.

Give the independent variable and the dependent variable in the investigation. Independent variable Dependent variable

Table 6 shows the results.

Plot the data from Table 6 on Figure 11. Draw a line of best fit.

Determine the initial temperature of the water. You should extend your line of best fit on Figure 11.

How do the results show that dissolving ammonium nitrate in water is endothermic?

The student repeated the experiment three more times. Table 7 shows the results for 8.0 g of ammonium nitrate.

The student recorded the mean lowest temperature of the solution for 8.0 g of ammonium nitrate as 16.5 ± 0.3 ºC. Explain why the student included ± 0.3 ºC after the mean lowest temperature.

What type of error is shown by the results in Table 7 ? Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about making a soluble salt.

Plan a method to make pure, dry crystals of zinc chloride from zinc carbonate and a dilute acid.

Name two other substances that can each be reacted with a dilute acid to make zinc chloride. Do not refer to zinc carbonate in your answer.