Subatomic particles

This question is about carbon and carbon compounds.

An atom of carbon is represented as:

What is the number of protons in this atom of carbon?

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What is the number of neutrons in this atom of carbon?

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What is the number of electrons in this atom of carbon?

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Figure 10 shows the structure of a carbon compound.

Complete the formula of the carbon compound.

C__ F__

Methane:

• is a carbon compound

• exists as small molecules

• has a low boiling point.

What is the reason for the low boiling point of methane?

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Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) is a form of carbon.

Buckminsterfullerene was the first fullerene to be discovered.

What is the shape of a buckminsterfullerene molecule?

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Graphite is a form of carbon.

Figure 11 represents the structure of graphite.

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form in graphite?

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Diamond is another form of carbon.

Figure 12 represents the structure of diamond.

Describe the structure and bonding in diamond.

This question is about models of the atom.

Figure 16 shows two early models of the atom.

Name the models of the atom shown in Figure 16.

Compare model A with the model of the atom used today.

Use Figure 16.

Chadwick’s experiments showed the existence of neutrons in an atom.

This led to an understanding of isotopes.

Define the term ‘isotopes’.

Refer to subatomic particles in your answer.

This question is about models of the atom.

Figure 2 shows two early models of the atom.

Name the models of the atom shown in Figure 2.

Compare model A with the model of the atom used today.

Use Figure 2.

Chadwick’s experiments showed the existence of neutrons in an atom.

This led to an understanding of isotopes.

Define the term ‘isotopes’.

Refer to subatomic particles in your answer.

This question is about carbon.

Which type of substance is carbon? Tick (✓) one box.

Carbon has isotopes with mass numbers 12, 13 and 14. Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box.

12 g of carbon contains 6.02 ×10²³ atoms. Which expression is used to calculate the mass of one atom of carbon? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 2 shows diagrams that represent different forms of carbon.

Which diagram in Figure 2 represents Buckminsterfullerene? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 3 represents part of the structure of graphite.

Draw one line from each property of graphite to the structural feature that is the reason for that property.

This question is about atoms.

Figure 1 represents an atom of an element.

Draw one line from each name to the correct label.

An atom of element Y has:

• an atomic number of 9

• a mass number of 19.

Give the number of electrons and the number of neutrons in this atom.

Choose answers from the box.

Table 1 shows information about two isotopes of element Z.

Suggest the identity of element Z.

Use the periodic table.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

Isotopes of the same element have different mass numbers because the isotopes

This question is about atomic structure and the periodic table.

Gallium (Ga) is an element that has two isotopes.

Give the meaning of ‘isotopes’.

You should answer in terms of subatomic particles.

Table 8 shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the isotopes of gallium.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of gallium.

Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

Gallium (Ga) is in Group 3 of the modern periodic table.

Give the numbers of electrons and neutrons in an atom of the isotope⁶⁹₃₁Ga

What is the most likely formula of a gallium ion?

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Gallium was discovered six years after Mendeleev published his periodic table.

Give two reasons why the discovery of gallium helped Mendeleev’s periodic table to become accepted.

This question is about atomic structure and the periodic table. Gallium (Ga) is an element that has two isotopes.

Give the meaning of ‘isotopes’. You should answer in terms of subatomic particles.

Table 1 shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the isotopes of gallium.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of gallium. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

Gallium (Ga) is in Group 3 of the modern periodic table.

Give the numbers of electrons and neutrons in an atom of the isotope⁶⁹₃₁Ga

What is the most likely formula of a gallium ion? Tick (✓) one box.

Gallium was discovered six years after Mendeleev published his periodic table. Give two reasons why the discovery of gallium helped Mendeleev’s periodic table to become accepted.

This question is about models of the atom.

Atoms were first thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided. Which particle was discovered to change this model of the atom? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 2 shows another model of the atom.

What is the name of this model of the atom?

A scientist fired particles at gold atoms. Some of these particles were scattered. The results led to a different model of the atom. Which type of particle was fired at the gold atoms? Tick (✓) one box.

Which scientist first suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances? Tick (✓) one box.

The model of the atom used today has three subatomic particles:

• electrons

• neutrons

• protons.

Complete the sentences.

Atoms of the same element have the same atomic number because they have the

Atoms of the same element can have different mass numbers because they have

Atoms have no overall charge because they have

The radius of a nucleus is approximately 1 × 10^–14 m The radius of an atom is approximately 1 × 10^–10 m A teacher uses a ball of radius 1 cm to represent the nucleus. What could represent the atom on the same scale? Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about atomic structure. Figure 1 represents an atom of element Z.

Name the parts of the atom labelled A and B. Choose answers from the box.

Which particle has the lowest mass? Choose the answer from the box.

Which group of the periodic table contains element Z ? Use Figure 1.

Give the atomic number and the mass number of element Z. Use Figure 1. Choose answers from the box.

Bromine has two different types of atom. The atoms have a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons.

What is the name for this type of atom? Tick (✓) one box.

The different types of bromine atom can be represented as⁷⁹₃₅Br and⁸¹₃₅Br The relative atomic mass (A_r) of bromine is 80 Which statement is true about the number of each type of atom in bromine?

Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about atomic structure.

Atoms contain subatomic particles. Table 2 shows properties of two subatomic particles. Complete Table 2.

An element X has two isotopes. The isotopes have different mass numbers.

Define mass number.

Why is the mass number different in the two isotopes?

The model of the atom changed as new evidence was discovered. The plum pudding model suggested that the atom was a ball of positive charge with electrons embedded in it. Evidence from the alpha particle scattering experiment led to a change in the model of the atom from the plum pudding model. Explain how.

This question is about the structure of the atom.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

The two types of particle in the centre of the atom are the proton

Niels Bohr suggested particles orbit the centre of the atom. This type of particle

The two types of particle with the same mass are the neutron

Suggest the identity of element X.

Use the periodic table.

The radius of an atom of element X is 1.2 10^-10 m

The radius of the centre of the atom is the radius of the atom.

Calculate the radius of the centre of an atom of element X.

Give your answer in standard form.

This question is about metals and metal compounds.

Iron pyrites is an ionic compound.

Figure 12 shows a structure for iron pyrites.

Determine the formula of iron pyrites.

Use Figure 12.

An atom of iron is represented as⁵⁶₂₆Fe

Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in this atom of iron.

Iron is a transition metal.

Sodium is a Group 1 metal.

Give two differences between the properties of iron and sodium.

Nickel is extracted from nickel oxide by reduction with carbon.

Explain why carbon can be used to extract nickel from nickel oxide.