The periodic table

This question is about elements in the periodic table.

Describe where the non-metallic elements are found in the periodic table.

Gallium (Ga) is a metallic element in Group 3.

Which of these properties of gallium is not typical of most metals?

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A sodium atom can be represented as²³₁₁Na

Complete Figure 12 to show the electronic structure of a sodium atom.

Mendeleev created an early periodic table.

Mendeleev placed most of the elements in order of atomic weight.

Tellurium and iodine were not placed in order of atomic weight.

Why did Mendeleev not place tellurium and iodine in order of atomic weight?

Argon is an element in Group 0 of the periodic table.

Explain why argon is unreactive.

An element X consists of two isotopes.

What is meant by ‘isotopes’?

Answer in terms of subatomic particles.

Table 5 shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the isotopes of X.

Which is the closest estimate to the relative atomic mass of X ?

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This question is about elements in the periodic table.

Describe where the non-metallic elements are found in the periodic table.

Gallium (Ga) is a metallic element in Group 3.

Which of these properties of gallium is not typical of most metals?

Tick () one box.

A sodium atom can be represented as²³₁₁Na

Complete Figure 1 to show the electronic structure of a sodium atom.

Mendeleev created an early periodic table.

Mendeleev placed most of the elements in order of atomic weight.

Tellurium and iodine were not placed in order of atomic weight.

Why did Mendeleev not place tellurium and iodine in order of atomic weight?

Argon is an element in Group 0 of the periodic table.

Explain why argon is unreactive.

An element X consists of two isotopes.

What is meant by ‘isotopes’?

Answer in terms of subatomic particles.

Table 1 shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the isotopes of X.

Which is the closest estimate to the relative atomic mass of X ?

Tick () one box.

Discoveries in chemistry led to a better understanding of atomic structure.

Atoms were originally thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided. The plum pudding model of the atom was then developed. Figure 10 represents the plum pudding model of the atom.

Describe the plum pudding model of the atom.

Atoms contain electrons, neutrons and protons. Write these three particles in order of their discovery.

Very few atoms of the element tennessine (Ts) have ever been identified. The atomic number of tennessine is 117

Predict the number of outer shell electrons in an atom of tennessine. Give one reason for your answer. Use the periodic table. Number of outer shell electrons

Tennessine was first identified by a small group of scientists in 2010. Suggest one reason why tennessine was not accepted as a new element by other scientists until 2015.

The discovery of isotopes explained why some relative atomic masses are not whole numbers. Element R has two isotopes. Table 5 shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the isotopes of element R.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of element R. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

Discoveries in chemistry led to a better understanding of atomic structure.

Atoms were originally thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided. The plum pudding model of the atom was then developed. Figure 1 represents the plum pudding model of the atom.

Describe the plum pudding model of the atom.

Atoms contain electrons, neutrons and protons. Write these three particles in order of their discovery.

Very few atoms of the element tennessine (Ts) have ever been identified. The atomic number of tennessine is 117

Predict the number of outer shell electrons in an atom of tennessine. Give one reason for your answer. Use the periodic table. Number of outer shell electrons

Tennessine was first identified by a small group of scientists in 2010. Suggest one reason why tennessine was not accepted as a new element by other scientists until 2015.

The discovery of isotopes explained why some relative atomic masses are not whole numbers. Element R has two isotopes. Table 1 shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the isotopes of element R.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of element R. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

This question is about acids and alkalis.

Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. What is meant by ‘weak acid’? Answer in terms of ionisation.

The concentration of an acid can be measured in mol/dm³. Which combination of changes increases the concentration of an acid? Tick (✓) one box.

The concentration of an acid can be determined by titration. An indicator is added to an alkali in a flask.

Name an indicator that can be used in this titration. Give the colour change of the indicator when acid from a burette is added to the alkali in the flask.

Sodium carbonate dissolves in water to produce an alkaline solution. Give the formula of the ion that makes a solution alkaline.

A student does a titration using sodium carbonate solution and nitric acid. The equation for the reaction is:

25.0 cm³ of 0.124 mol/dm³ sodium carbonate solution is neutralised by

Calculate the concentration of the nitric acid. Give your answer to 3 significant figures. You should calculate:

• the number of moles of sodium carbonate in 25.0 cm³ of the solution

• the number of moles of nitric acid in 23.6 cm³ of the nitric acid

• the concentration of the nitric acid in mol/dm³.

When hydrochloric acid dissolves in water, hydrogen ions (H⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) are produced.

A solution of hydrochloric acid with pH 4.5 has a concentration of H⁺ ions of

What is the concentration of H⁺ ions in a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH 2.5?

Which element has atoms that have the same electronic structure as the chloride ion? Use the periodic table.

This question is about elements in the periodic table.

Argon has the atomic number 18 Explain why argon does not form compounds. Answer in terms of electrons.

Phosphorus (P) is the element below nitrogen in the periodic table. Predict the formula of the compound formed between phosphorus and hydrogen.

Tellurium is the element with atomic number 52 Predict whether tellurium reacts with metals. Explain your answer. Answer in terms of the position of tellurium in the periodic table.

Barium (Ba) is an element in Group 2 of the periodic table. Barium reacts with hydrochloric acid.

Suggest two observations that could be made when barium reacts with hydrochloric acid.

Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction between barium and hydrochloric acid.

This question is about the periodic table.

Figure 6 shows an early version of the periodic table published by a scientist.

The scientist left gaps in the periodic table in Figure 6.

Each gap is represented by a question mark (?).

Give one reason why the scientist left gaps in this periodic table.

Which scientist published the periodic table in Figure 6 ?

Tick (✓) one box.

The modern periodic table is different from the periodic table in Figure 6.

One extra group of elements has been added.

What is the name of the extra group of elements in the modern periodic table?

Tick (✓) one box.

Why do the elements in Group 1 of the modern periodic table have similar chemical properties?

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Table 3 shows the melting points of the first five elements going down Group 1.

Predict value X.

Give one observation you would see when a small piece of potassium is added to water.

Table 4 shows information about the first five elements going down Group 7.

Complete Table 4.

The elements in Group 7 consist of molecules.

What is the formula of a molecule of bromine?

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This question is about atomic structure and the periodic table.

Gallium (Ga) is an element that has two isotopes.

Give the meaning of ‘isotopes’.

You should answer in terms of subatomic particles.

Table 8 shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the isotopes of gallium.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of gallium.

Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

Gallium (Ga) is in Group 3 of the modern periodic table.

Give the numbers of electrons and neutrons in an atom of the isotope⁶⁹₃₁Ga

What is the most likely formula of a gallium ion?

Tick (✓) one box.

Gallium was discovered six years after Mendeleev published his periodic table.

Give two reasons why the discovery of gallium helped Mendeleev’s periodic table to become accepted.

This question is about atomic structure and the periodic table. Gallium (Ga) is an element that has two isotopes.

Give the meaning of ‘isotopes’. You should answer in terms of subatomic particles.

Table 1 shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the isotopes of gallium.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of gallium. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

Gallium (Ga) is in Group 3 of the modern periodic table.

Give the numbers of electrons and neutrons in an atom of the isotope⁶⁹₃₁Ga

What is the most likely formula of a gallium ion? Tick (✓) one box.

Gallium was discovered six years after Mendeleev published his periodic table. Give two reasons why the discovery of gallium helped Mendeleev’s periodic table to become accepted.

This question is about the extraction of metals.

Element R is extracted from its oxide by reduction with hydrogen. The equation for the reaction is:

The sum of the relative formula masses (M_r) of the reactants (3 H₂ + RO₃) is 150 Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of R. Relative atomic masses (A_r): H = 1 O = 16

Identify element R. You should use:

• your answer to question 03.1

• the periodic table.

Identity of R =

Carbon is used to extract tin (Sn) from tin oxide (SnO₂). The equation for the reaction is:

Calculate the percentage atom economy for extracting tin in this reaction. Relative atomic masses (A_r): C = 12 O = 16 Sn = 119

Tungsten (W) is a metal. Tungsten is extracted from tungsten oxide (WO₃). All other solid products from the extraction method must be separated from the tungsten. Table 2 shows information about three possible methods to extract tungsten from tungsten oxide.

Evaluate the three possible methods for extracting tungsten from tungsten oxide.

This question is about the development of scientific theories. Figure 2 shows a timeline of some important steps in the development of the model of the atom.

The plum pudding model did not have a nucleus. Describe three other differences between the nuclear model of the atom and the plum pudding model.

Niels Bohr adapted the nuclear model. Describe the change that Bohr made to the nuclear model.

Mendeleev published his periodic table in 1869. Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of atomic weight. Mendeleev then reversed the order of some pairs of elements. A student suggested Mendeleev’s reason for reversing the order was to arrange the elements in order of atomic number. Explain why the student’s suggestion cannot be correct. Use Figure 2.

Give the correct reason why Mendeleev reversed the order of some pairs of elements.

This question is about the periodic table. In the 19th century, some scientists tried to classify the elements by arranging them in order of their atomic weights. Figure 11 shows the periodic table Mendeleev produced in 1869. His periodic table was more widely accepted than previous versions.

The atomic weight of tellurium (Te) is 128 and that of iodine (I) is 127 Why did Mendeleev reverse the order of these two elements?

Mendeleev left spaces marked with an asterisk * He left these spaces because he thought missing elements belonged there. Why did Mendeleev’s periodic table become more widely accepted than previous versions?

Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of their atomic weight. What is the modern name for atomic weight?

Tick (✓) one box.

Complete the sentence. In the modern periodic table, the elements are arranged in order of

Chlorine, iodine and astatine are in Group 7 of the modern periodic table.

Astatine (At) is below iodine in Group 7. Predict:

• the formula of an astatine molecule

• the state of astatine at room temperature.

Formula of astatine molecule State at room temperature

Sodium is in Group 1 of the modern periodic table. Describe what you would see when sodium reacts with chlorine.

This question is about the periodic table. In the 19th century, some scientists tried to classify the elements by arranging them in order of their atomic weights. Figure 1 shows the periodic table Mendeleev produced in 1869. His periodic table was more widely accepted than previous versions.

The atomic weight of tellurium (Te) is 128 and that of iodine (I) is 127 Why did Mendeleev reverse the order of these two elements?

Mendeleev left spaces marked with an asterisk * He left these spaces because he thought missing elements belonged there. Why did Mendeleev’s periodic table become more widely accepted than previous versions?

Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of their atomic weight. What is the modern name for atomic weight?

Tick (✓) one box.

Complete the sentence. In the modern periodic table, the elements are arranged in order of

Chlorine, iodine and astatine are in Group 7 of the modern periodic table.

Astatine (At) is below iodine in Group 7. Predict:

• the formula of an astatine molecule

• the state of astatine at room temperature.

Formula of astatine molecule State at room temperature

Sodium is in Group 1 of the modern periodic table. Describe what you would see when sodium reacts with chlorine.