Group 1: the alkali metals

This question is about the periodic table.

Sodium and potassium are in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Give one similarity and one difference between the electronic structures of sodium and potassium.

Group 1 elements react with water.

Give two observations made when potassium reacts with water.

Potassium hydroxide solution is produced when potassium reacts with water.

What is the colour of universal indicator when added to potassium hydroxide solution?

Give one reason for your answer.

Colour of universal indicator

Table 4 shows the densities of some of the elements in Group 0 of the periodic table.

Plot the data from Table 4 on Figure 15.

Estimate the density (X) of krypton.

Use Figure 15 and Table 4.

The elements in Group 7 are called the halogens.

A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from a solution of its salt.

Which combination of solutions will produce a reaction when mixed?

Tick () one box.

Which of the following describes the trends going down Group 7?

Tick () one box.

This question is about the periodic table.

Sodium and potassium are in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Give one similarity and one difference between the electronic structures of sodium and potassium.

Group 1 elements react with water.

Give two observations made when potassium reacts with water.

Potassium hydroxide solution is produced when potassium reacts with water.

What is the colour of universal indicator when added to potassium hydroxide solution?

Give one reason for your answer.

Colour of universal indicator

Table 1 shows the densities of some of the elements in Group 0 of the periodic table.

Plot the data from Table 1 on Figure 1.

Estimate the density (X) of krypton.

Use Figure 1 and Table 1.

The elements in Group 7 are called the halogens.

A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from a solution of its salt.

Which combination of solutions will produce a reaction when mixed?

Tick () one box.

Which of the following describes the trends going down Group 7?

Tick () one box.

This question is about metals.

Platinum is used to make jewellery. Suggest one reason why platinum is used to make jewellery.

Figure 7 shows a piece of sodium being added to water.

Give two observations that could be seen when sodium is added to water.

Copper is a transition element. Sodium is a Group 1 element. What are two differences between copper and sodium? Tick (✓) two boxes.

The metals aluminium and copper can be used to make pans for cooking. Table 2 shows information about the two metals. The higher the value for thermal conductivity, the better the metal conducts thermal energy.

Evaluate the use of pans made of aluminium and of copper. Use Table 2.

This question is about the periodic table.

Figure 6 shows an early version of the periodic table published by a scientist.

The scientist left gaps in the periodic table in Figure 6.

Each gap is represented by a question mark (?).

Give one reason why the scientist left gaps in this periodic table.

Which scientist published the periodic table in Figure 6 ?

Tick (✓) one box.

The modern periodic table is different from the periodic table in Figure 6.

One extra group of elements has been added.

What is the name of the extra group of elements in the modern periodic table?

Tick (✓) one box.

Why do the elements in Group 1 of the modern periodic table have similar chemical properties?

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Table 3 shows the melting points of the first five elements going down Group 1.

Predict value X.

Give one observation you would see when a small piece of potassium is added to water.

Table 4 shows information about the first five elements going down Group 7.

Complete Table 4.

The elements in Group 7 consist of molecules.

What is the formula of a molecule of bromine?

Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about groups in the periodic table.

The elements in Group 1 become more reactive going down the group. Rubidium is below potassium in Group 1.

Rubidium and potassium are added to water. Predict one observation you would see that shows that rubidium is more reactive than potassium.

Explain why rubidium is more reactive than potassium.

Complete the equation for the reaction of rubidium with water. You should balance the equation.

The noble gases are in Group 0.

Which is a correct statement about the noble gases? Tick (✓) one box.

Table 1 shows information about the three isotopes of neon.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of neon. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

This question is about Group 1 elements.

Complete Table 2 to show the electronic structure of a potassium atom.

Why do Group 1 elements have similar chemical properties?

Tick (✓) one box.

What is the type of bonding in sodium?

Tick (✓) one box.

Table 3 shows observations made when lithium, potassium and rubidium react with water.

Give two observations you could make when sodium reacts with water.

Write your answers in Table 3.

How does the reactivity of the elements change going down Group 1?

Give two ways in which the observations in Table 3 show the change in reactivity going down Group 1.

Which gas is produced when Group 1 elements react with water?

Tick (✓) one box.

Sodium fluoride is an ionic compound.

Figure 5 shows dot and cross diagrams for a sodium atom and a fluorine atom.

Complete Figure 5 to show what happens when a sodium atom and a fluorine atom react to produce sodium fluoride.

You should:

• complete the electronic structures of the sodium ion and the fluoride ion

• give the charges on the sodium ion and the fluoride ion.

Figure 5

This question is about Group 1 elements.

Give two observations you could make when a small piece of potassium is added to water.

Complete the equation for the reaction of potassium with water. You should balance the equation.

Explain why the reactivity of elements changes going down Group 1.

Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce the ionic compound sodium oxide. Oxygen is a Group 6 element.

Draw a dot and cross diagram to show what happens when atoms of sodium and oxygen react to produce sodium oxide. Diagram

Why is oxygen described as being reduced in the reaction between sodium and oxygen?

Explain why sodium oxide has a high melting point.

This question is about the periodic table. In the 19th century, some scientists tried to classify the elements by arranging them in order of their atomic weights. Figure 11 shows the periodic table Mendeleev produced in 1869. His periodic table was more widely accepted than previous versions.

The atomic weight of tellurium (Te) is 128 and that of iodine (I) is 127 Why did Mendeleev reverse the order of these two elements?

Mendeleev left spaces marked with an asterisk * He left these spaces because he thought missing elements belonged there. Why did Mendeleev’s periodic table become more widely accepted than previous versions?

Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of their atomic weight. What is the modern name for atomic weight?

Tick (✓) one box.

Complete the sentence. In the modern periodic table, the elements are arranged in order of

Chlorine, iodine and astatine are in Group 7 of the modern periodic table.

Astatine (At) is below iodine in Group 7. Predict:

• the formula of an astatine molecule

• the state of astatine at room temperature.

Formula of astatine molecule State at room temperature

Sodium is in Group 1 of the modern periodic table. Describe what you would see when sodium reacts with chlorine.

This question is about the periodic table. In the 19th century, some scientists tried to classify the elements by arranging them in order of their atomic weights. Figure 1 shows the periodic table Mendeleev produced in 1869. His periodic table was more widely accepted than previous versions.

The atomic weight of tellurium (Te) is 128 and that of iodine (I) is 127 Why did Mendeleev reverse the order of these two elements?

Mendeleev left spaces marked with an asterisk * He left these spaces because he thought missing elements belonged there. Why did Mendeleev’s periodic table become more widely accepted than previous versions?

Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of their atomic weight. What is the modern name for atomic weight?

Tick (✓) one box.

Complete the sentence. In the modern periodic table, the elements are arranged in order of

Chlorine, iodine and astatine are in Group 7 of the modern periodic table.

Astatine (At) is below iodine in Group 7. Predict:

• the formula of an astatine molecule

• the state of astatine at room temperature.

Formula of astatine molecule State at room temperature

Sodium is in Group 1 of the modern periodic table. Describe what you would see when sodium reacts with chlorine.

This question is about elements in Group 1.

A teacher burns sodium in oxygen.

What is the name of this type of reaction?

Tick one box.

The teacher dissolves the product of the reaction in water and adds universal indicator.

The universal indicator turns purple.

What is the pH value of the solution?

Tick one box.

The solution contains a substance with the formula NaOH

Give the name of the substance.

All alkalis contain the same ion.

What is the formula of this ion?

Tick one box.

A solution of NaOH had a concentration of 40 g/dm³

What mass of NaOH would there be in 250 cm³ of the solution?

The melting points of the elements in Group 1 show a trend.

Table 6 shows the atomic numbers and melting points of the Group 1 elements.

Plot the data from Table 6 on Figure 11.

Predict the melting point, X, of rubidium, atomic number 37

Use Figure 11.