Transition metals

This question is about metals and metal oxides.

Tin (Sn) is extracted from tin oxide using carbon.

The equation for the reaction is:

Which substance is reduced in this reaction?

Give one reason for your answer.

Answer in terms of oxygen.

Substance reduced

Why can carbon be used to extract tin from tin oxide?

Cadmium (Cd) can be extracted by the reaction of cadmium oxide with carbon.

The equation for the reaction is:

Calculate the percentage atom economy for the production of cadmium in this reaction.

Relative atomic masses (A_r): C = 12 Cd = 112

Relative formula mass (M_r): CdO = 128

Tungsten is a transition metal.

Potassium is a Group 1 metal.

Give two differences between the properties of tungsten and the properties of potassium.

Tungsten oxide reacts with hydrogen to give tungsten (W) and water.

The equation for the reaction is:

The law of conservation of mass states:

‘The mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants during a chemical reaction.’

Show that the equation obeys the law of conservation of mass.

Relative atomic mass (A_r): W = 184

Relative formula masses (M_r): H₂ = 2 WO₃ = 232 H₂O = 18

The reaction producing tungsten has a high atom economy.

Why is it important to use reactions with a high atom economy in industry?

This question is about metals and metal oxides.

Tin (Sn) is extracted from tin oxide using carbon.

The equation for the reaction is:

Which substance is reduced in this reaction?

Give one reason for your answer.

Answer in terms of oxygen.

Substance reduced

Why can carbon be used to extract tin from tin oxide?

Cadmium (Cd) can be extracted by the reaction of cadmium oxide with carbon.

The equation for the reaction is:

Calculate the percentage atom economy for the production of cadmium in this reaction.

Relative atomic masses (A_r): C = 12 Cd = 112

Relative formula mass (M_r): CdO = 128

Tungsten is a transition metal.

Potassium is a Group 1 metal.

Give two differences between the properties of tungsten and the properties of potassium.

Tungsten oxide reacts with hydrogen to give tungsten (W) and water.

The equation for the reaction is:

The law of conservation of mass states:

‘The mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants during a chemical reaction.’

Show that the equation obeys the law of conservation of mass.

Relative atomic mass (A_r): W = 184

Relative formula masses (M_r): H₂ = 2 WO₃ = 232 H₂O = 18

The reaction producing tungsten has a high atom economy.

Why is it important to use reactions with a high atom economy in industry?

This question is about elements, compounds and mixtures.

Figure 1 shows diagrams which represent the atoms and molecules in different substances.

Which diagram in Figure 1 represents a pure compound?

Tick () one box.

Which diagram in Figure 1 represents a mixture of an element and a compound?

Tick () one box.

Elements are metals or non-metals.

Figure 2 shows an outline of the periodic table.

The periodic table is divided into sections.

Where are metals found in the periodic table?

Tick () one box.

Which two of the following are typical properties of a transition metal?

Tick () two boxes.

Potassium and chlorine react to produce potassium chloride.

An atom of potassium loses an electron to form a potassium ion.

An atom of chlorine gains an electron to form a chloride ion.

Complete the dot and cross diagram.

Mixtures are separated by different methods.

Figure 3 shows the apparatus for separating four different types of mixture.

Figure 3

Which apparatus could be used to collect water from sodium chloride solution?

Use Figure 3.

Tick () one box.

Which apparatus shows filtration?

Use Figure 3.

Tick () one box.

This question is about small particles.

What is the approximate number of atoms in a nanoparticle?

Tick () one box.

Nanoparticles of some elements can be used as catalysts.

Which element is most likely to be used as a catalyst?

Use the periodic table.

Tick () one box.

Nanoparticles are used in sun creams and in wound dressings.

A wound dressing is placed next to the skin to prevent infection.

Figure 8 shows a wound dressing.

Table 2 shows some information about substances used in the form of nanoparticles.

Draw one line from each use to the best substance for that use.

Figure 9 shows a cubic nanoparticle.

Calculate:

• the surface area of the cubic nanoparticle

• the volume of the cubic nanoparticle

• the simplest whole number ratio of surface area: volume for the cubic nanoparticle.

Use the equation:

surface area of cubic nanoparticle = 6 × surface area of one face

Simplest whole number ratio of surface area: volume =

This question is about metals.

Platinum is used to make jewellery. Suggest one reason why platinum is used to make jewellery.

Figure 7 shows a piece of sodium being added to water.

Give two observations that could be seen when sodium is added to water.

Copper is a transition element. Sodium is a Group 1 element. What are two differences between copper and sodium? Tick (✓) two boxes.

The metals aluminium and copper can be used to make pans for cooking. Table 2 shows information about the two metals. The higher the value for thermal conductivity, the better the metal conducts thermal energy.

Evaluate the use of pans made of aluminium and of copper. Use Table 2.

This question is about metals and non-metals.

Figure 15 shows an outline of part of the periodic table.

Element Q is a dull solid with a melting point of 44 °C.

Element Q does not conduct electricity.

Which section of the periodic table in Figure 15 is most likely to contain element Q ?

Tick (✓) one box.

Element R forms ions of formula R²⁺ and R³⁺

Which section of the periodic table in Figure 15 is most likely to contain element R ?

Tick (✓) one box.

Give two differences between the physical properties of the elements in Group 1 and those of the transition elements.

Complete Figure 16 to show the electronic structure of an aluminium atom.

Use the periodic table.

Aluminium is a metal.

Describe how metals conduct electricity.

Answer in terms of electrons.

Name the type of bonding in compounds formed between metals and non-metals.

Magnesium oxide is a compound formed from the metal magnesium and the non-metal oxygen.

Describe what happens when a magnesium atom reacts with an oxygen atom.

You should refer to electrons in your answer.

This question is about metals and non-metals. Figure 1 shows an outline of part of the periodic table.

Element Q is a dull solid with a melting point of 44 °C. Element Q does not conduct electricity. Which section of the periodic table in Figure 1 is most likely to contain element Q ?

Tick (✓) one box.

Element R forms ions of formula R²⁺ and R³⁺ Which section of the periodic table in Figure 1 is most likely to contain element R ?

Tick (✓) one box.

Give two differences between the physical properties of the elements in Group 1 and those of the transition elements.

Complete Figure 2 to show the electronic structure of an aluminium atom. Use the periodic table.

Aluminium is a metal. Describe how metals conduct electricity. Answer in terms of electrons.

Name the type of bonding in compounds formed between metals and non-metals.

Magnesium oxide is a compound formed from the metal magnesium and the non-metal oxygen. Describe what happens when a magnesium atom reacts with an oxygen atom. You should refer to electrons in your answer.

This question is about metals and the reactivity series.

Which two statements are properties of most transition metals? Tick (✓) two boxes.

A student added copper metal to colourless silver nitrate solution. The student observed:

• pale grey crystals forming

• the solution turning blue.

Explain how these observations show that silver is less reactive than copper.

A student is given three metals, X, Y and Z to identify. The metals are magnesium, iron and copper. Plan an investigation to identify the three metals by comparing their reactions with dilute hydrochloric acid. Your plan should give valid results.

Metal M has two isotopes. Table 6 shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the isotopes.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of metal M. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

This question is about metals and the reactivity series.

Which two statements are properties of most transition metals? Tick (✓) two boxes.

A student added copper metal to colourless silver nitrate solution. The student observed:

• pale grey crystals forming

• the solution turning blue.

Explain how these observations show that silver is less reactive than copper.

A student is given three metals, X, Y and Z to identify. The metals are magnesium, iron and copper. Plan an investigation to identify the three metals by comparing their reactions with dilute hydrochloric acid. Your plan should give valid results.

Metal M has two isotopes. Table 2 shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the isotopes.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of metal M. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

This question is about metals and metal compounds.

Iron pyrites is an ionic compound.

Figure 12 shows a structure for iron pyrites.

Determine the formula of iron pyrites.

Use Figure 12.

An atom of iron is represented as⁵⁶₂₆Fe

Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in this atom of iron.

Iron is a transition metal.

Sodium is a Group 1 metal.

Give two differences between the properties of iron and sodium.

Nickel is extracted from nickel oxide by reduction with carbon.

Explain why carbon can be used to extract nickel from nickel oxide.

This question is about metals and metal compounds.

Iron pyrites is an ionic compound. Figure 1 shows a structure for iron pyrites.

Determine the formula of iron pyrites. Use Figure 1.

An atom of iron is represented as⁵⁶₂₆Fe Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in this atom of iron.

Iron is a transition metal. Sodium is a Group 1 metal. Give two differences between the properties of iron and sodium.

Nickel is extracted from nickel oxide by reduction with carbon.

Explain why carbon can be used to extract nickel from nickel oxide.

An equation for the reaction is:

Calculate the percentage atom economy for the reaction to produce nickel. Relative atomic masses (A_r): C = 12 Ni = 59 Relative formula mass (M_r): NiO = 75 Give your answer to 3 significant figures.