AQA GCSE Synergy Paper 4: Physical sciences Foundation June 2024 question paper 8465/4F

Figure 1 shows a floating hot air balloon attached to the ground by a rope.

The hot air balloon is stationary.

The wind is exerting a force on the hot air balloon in Figure 1.

Which arrow shows the direction of the force of the wind in Figure 1 ?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which force causes the hot air balloon to float?

Tick (✓) one box.

Air resistance

Gravity

Upthrust

The hot air balloon in Figure 1 is stationary.

What is the resultant force on the balloon?

Tick (✓) one box.

The resultant force is the tension in the rope.

The resultant force is the weight.

The resultant force is zero.

The mass of the hot air balloon is 350 kg.

Calculate the weight of the hot air balloon.

gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg

Use the equation:

_ weight = mass × gravitational field strength

The hot air balloon exerts a force of 200 N on the rope.

The force causes the rope to stretch by 1.60 m.

The rope behaves like a spring.

Calculate the spring constant of the rope.

Use the equation:

Choose the unit from the box.

A hairdryer contains a heating element and a motor.

The motor is connected to a fan.

Figure 2 shows part of the electrical circuit inside the hairdryer.

How does the current in the motor compare with the current in the heating element?

Give a reason for your answer.

Tick (✓) one box.

The current is greater in the motor.

The current in both components is the same.

The current is less in the motor.

The potential difference across the motor is 20 V.

What is the potential difference across the heating element?

Give a reason for your answer.

Tick (✓) one box.

20 V 50 V
210 V
230 V

The hairdryer transfers 460 000 J of energy in 250 seconds.

Calculate the power of the hairdryer.

Use the equation:

The current in the hairdryer is 8.0 A.

Calculate the time taken for 1200 C of charge to flow past a point in the hairdryer circuit.

Use the equation:

The hairdryer is connected to the mains electricity supply.

What is the frequency of the UK mains electricity supply?

Tick (✓) one box.

50 Hz 60 Hz
100 Hz
230 Hz

This question is about reactions involving gases.

Hydrogen gas consists of hydrogen molecules.

A hydrogen atom has one electron.

Complete the dot and cross diagram for a hydrogen molecule (H₂).

Hydrogen (H₂) reacts with chlorine (Cl₂) to produce hydrogen chloride (HCl).

Balance the equation for the reaction.

0.8 g of hydrogen reacts with chlorine to produce 29.2 g of hydrogen chloride.

Calculate the mass of chlorine that reacts.

Hydrogen reacts with nitrogen to produce ammonia.

Figure 3 represents a molecule of ammonia.

Ammonia reacts with hydrogen chloride to produce ammonium chloride.

The reaction is reversible.

Write the word equation for the reaction.

Include the symbol for a reversible reaction.

Which condition needs to be changed so that the direction of the reaction is reversed?

A skydiver jumped out of a helicopter.

Figure 4 shows a distance–time graph for the first 12 seconds of the skydiver’s fall.

How does Figure 4 show that the speed of the skydiver increased between 1 second and 6 seconds?

Tick (✓) one box.

The gradient decreases

The gradient stays the same

The gradient increases

What happened to the speed of the skydiver between 8 seconds and 12 seconds?

Use Figure 4.

Tick (✓) one box.

The speed decreased

The speed stayed the same

The speed increased

Determine the mean speed of the skydiver between 0 seconds and 12 seconds.

Use Figure 4 and the equation:

The forces acting on the skydiver during the fall were weight and air resistance.

What happened to the weight of the skydiver during the fall?

Tick (✓) one box.

Weight decreased

Weight stayed the same

Weight increased

What happened to the air resistance acting on the skydiver as the speed of the skydiver increased?

Tick (✓) one box.

Air resistance decreased

Air resistance stayed the same

Air resistance increased

The skydiver reached terminal velocity.

How did the forces acting on the skydiver compare at terminal velocity?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which of the following shows the velocity–time graph for the skydiver falling at terminal velocity?

Tick (✓) one box.

The skydiver decelerated when the parachute opened.

The initial resultant force on the skydiver was 960 N.

The mass of the skydiver was 64 kg.

Calculate the initial deceleration of the skydiver.

Use the equation:

Choose the unit from the box.

Excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach can cause pain. The excess hydrochloric acid can be neutralised by a calcium carbonate tablet.

A student investigated how the pH changed when a calcium carbonate tablet was added to hydrochloric acid.

This is the method used.

1. Add 10 cm³ of hydrochloric acid to a beaker.

2. Measure the pH of the hydrochloric acid using an indicator.

3. Add a calcium carbonate tablet to the hydrochloric acid.

4. Time for 3 minutes.

5. Measure the pH of the mixture using an indicator.

Which two of the following pieces of equipment are needed in this method?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Measuring cylinder

Newtonmeter

Ruler

Stop clock

Thermometer

Name an indicator used to measure pH.

Name a piece of equipment that gives a more accurate pH value than an indicator.

The word equation for the reaction is:

calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

Why is fizzing seen during the reaction?

Give one safety precaution the student should have taken.

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

Tick (✓) one box.

1 4 7 10

A student reacted hydrochloric acid with excess calcium carbonate.

A solution of calcium chloride was produced.

Figure 5 shows the method used to produce calcium chloride crystals from the reaction mixture.

Describe the method shown in Figure 5 to produce calcium chloride crystals from the reaction mixture.

Include the equipment used.

A student investigated how the resistance of a wire varies with the length of the wire.

Figure 6 shows how the student connected the wire to a circuit.

Which piece of equipment should the student use to measure the length of wire between the crocodile clips?

The student used readings from the circuit to calculate the resistance of the wire at different lengths.

Figure 7 shows the results.

Draw a line of best fit on Figure 7.

A 100 cm length of wire is placed between the crocodile clips.

Predict the resistance of the 100 cm length of wire.

Use Figure 7.

Describe how the results on Figure 7 show that resistance is directly proportional to length.

The student switched the circuit off between readings.

Another student did the same investigation but did not switch the circuit off between readings.

What would happen to the temperature of the wire if the circuit was not switched off between readings?

What would happen to the resistance of the wire if the circuit was not switched off between the readings?

When the student switched the circuit off the ammeter reading was 0.02 A.

What type of error caused the ammeter reading to be 0.02 A?

Tick (✓) one box

A human error

A random error

A zero error

A student electrolysed copper sulfate solution using inert electrodes.

Figure 8 shows the apparatus used.

Copper was produced at the negative electrode.

Oxygen was produced at the positive electrode.

Copper sulfate solution contains copper ions and hydrogen ions.

Why is copper produced instead of hydrogen during the electrolysis of copper sulfate solution?

Tick (✓) one box.

Copper is less reactive than hydrogen.

Copper has the same reactivity as hydrogen.

Copper is more reactive than hydrogen.

The student measured how the mass of copper produced varied with time.

Table 1 shows the results.

What conclusion can be made about how the mass of copper produced varied with time?

Use Table 1.

Predict the time taken to produce 0.20 g of copper.

Use Table 1.

0.5 dm³ of a solution of copper sulfate contains 3.2 g of copper sulfate.

Calculate the concentration of the solution of copper sulfate.

Use the equation:

Choose the unit from the box.

Copper sulfate has the formula CuSO₄

Calculate the percentage (%) by mass of copper in CuSO₄

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

Relative atomic mass (A_r): Cu = 63.5

Relative formula mass (M_r): CuSO₄ = 159.5

A student investigated the magnetic effect of an electric current.

The student placed two iron rods inside a rectangular coil.

Figure 9 shows the equipment.

When the power supply is switched on there is a current in the rectangular coil.

Complete the sentence.

When there is a current in the rectangular coil, there is a magnetic field around the coil.

The magnetic field has a similar shape to the magnetic field around

The two iron rods repel each other when there is a magnetic field around the coil.

Explain why.

The two iron rods are replaced with copper rods.

The two copper rods remain stationary when there is a magnetic field around the coil.

Give one reason why.

The student made an electromagnet by: wrapping a coil of wire around an iron bar connecting the coil of wire to a power supply.

The student investigated how the current in the electromagnet affected the strength of the electromagnet.

Figure 10 shows the electromagnet.

The student arranged a newtonmeter and an iron disc above the electromagnet.

Figure 11 shows the equipment.

The power supply is switched off.

Why is the newtonmeter reading 2.0 N?

Tick (✓) one box.

The weight of the electromagnet is 2.0 N.

The weight of the iron disc is 2.0 N.

The weight of the newtonmeter is 2.0 N.

The student switched the power supply on and then increased the current in the electromagnet.

The iron disc was not touching the electromagnet, but the reading on the newtonmeter changed.

Explain why.

The student recorded the readings on the newtonmeter as the current increased.

Figure 12 shows the results.

The student wrapped twice as many turns of wire around the iron bar and repeated the investigation.

Draw a line on Figure 12 to show the expected results.

A student investigated the reactivity of four metals with sulfuric acid.

Figure 13 shows the apparatus.

Give two variables the student should control.

Write the order of reactivity from least reactive to most reactive for the four metals.

Use Figure 13.

The gas produced in Figure 13 is hydrogen.

Describe the test for hydrogen gas.

Give the result if hydrogen is present.

The student repeated the investigation using different apparatus to determine the rate of reaction.

Figure 14 shows part of the apparatus.

Complete Figure 14 so that the apparatus can be used to determine the rate of reaction.

Give two measurements the student should make to determine the rate of reaction.

What is the unit for the rate of reaction determined using the apparatus in Figure 14

A thermistor is an electrical component.

What is the circuit symbol for a thermistor?

Tick (✓) one box.

A student investigated how the resistance of a thermistor varies with temperature.

Figure 15 shows the results.

Suggest why the student was not able to take measurements at temperatures below 20 °C.

The student used an ammeter and a voltmeter to take measurements to determine the resistance of the thermistor.

Describe a method the student could have used to obtain the results shown in Figure 15.

Figure 15 is repeated below

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer Questions 10.4 and 10.5.

Write down the equation which links current (I), potential difference (V) and resistance (R).

The potential difference across the thermistor was 6.0 V.

Determine the current in the thermistor when the temperature of the thermistor was 40 °C.

Use Figure 15.