AQA GCSE Synergy Paper 3: Physical sciences Foundation June 2024 question paper 8465/3F

This question is about the periodic table and the elements in Group 0.

Which electronic structure represents an atom of an element in Group 0?

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Which is a property of the elements in Group 0?

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Are unreactive

Conduct electricity

Consist of molecules

Table 1 shows the relative atomic masses (A_r) and the boiling points of some elements in Group 0.

What is the state of the elements in Group 0 at room temperature?

Use Table 1.

What is value X in Table 1 ?

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− 100 ° C

− 131 ° C

− 186 ° C

− 252 ° C

Identify element Z in Table 1.

Use the periodic table.

This question is about hydrocarbons.

Name the two elements in a hydrocarbon.

Which two of the following substances are hydrocarbons?

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Ammonia

Ethene

Graphite

Methane

Steam

C₆H₁₄ is a hydrocarbon.

C₆H₁₄ can be broken down into smaller molecules.

Complete the equation for the breakdown of C₆H₁₄ into smaller molecules.

What is the name of the process t hat breaks d own C₆H₁₄ into smaller molecules?

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Cracking

Distillation

Neutralisation

How does the boiling point of C₆H₁₄ compare with the boiling point of C₄H₁₀?

Give one reason for your answer.

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C₆H₁₄ has a lower boiling point.

C₆H₁₄ and C₄H₁₀ have the same boiling point.

C₆H₁₄ has a higher boiling point.

The complete combustion of C₆H₁₄ produces water and one other product.

Name the other product of the complete combustion of C₆H₁₄

Do not refer to water in your answer.

The formula of water is H₂O

Calculate the relative formula mass (M_r) of water.

Relative atomic masses (A_r): H = 1 O = 16

Figure 1 shows two people wearing inflatable bodysuits.

The bodysuits are made of soft plastic and are inflated with air.

The inflatable bodysuits allow the two people to collide with each other safely.

The two people run towards each other before colliding and coming to a stop.

People wearing bodysuits take more time to stop during a collision than people not wearing bodysuits.

How does wearing bodysuits affect the deceleration of the people during the collision?

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The deceleration is less.

The deceleration is the same.

The deceleration is greater.

How does wearing bodysuits affect the impact force experienced by each person during the collision?

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The impact force is less.

The impact force is the same.

The impact force is greater.

Figure 2 shows person A about to collide with person B.

Person A has a mass of 60 kg.

Person A moves with a speed of 3.0 m/s.

Calculate the kinetic energy of person A.

Use the equation:

kinetic energy = 0.5 × mass × (speed)²

After the collision, person B has 45 J of kinetic energy.

Person B has a mass of 40 kg.

Calculate the speed of person B after the collision.

Use the equation:

Figure 3 shows a person in an inflatable sphere rolling down a hill.

Describe how the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of the person vary as the sphere rolls down the hill.

Suggest two factors that affect the maximum speed of the person as the sphere reaches the bottom of the hill.

This question is about life cycle assessments (LCAs).

LCAs assess the environmental impact of a product.

Figure 4 shows the environmental impact of the use of energy, materials and bleach during the production of two different shirts.

Draw one line from each statement to the cause of the environmental impact.

Use Figure 4.

The total environmental impact of producing shirt A is 4.0 arbitrary units.

Determine the percentage of the total environmental impact of producing shirt A that is caused by energy use.

You should: give the environmental impact caused by energy use for shirt A calculate the percentage of the total environmental impact caused by energy use for shirt A.

Use Figure 4.

Environmental impact = __________________ arbitrary units

LCAs should be peer reviewed by independent scientists.

Give one reason why the peer review should be independent.

Energy resources are renewable or non-renewable.

Which two of the following energy resources are renewable?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Biofuel

Coal

Nuclear

Oil

Wind

Figure 5 shows wind turbines in the countryside.

What are two effects on the environment of using wind turbines to generate electricity?

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Some birds are killed by wind turbines.

There is no fuel cost when using wind turbines.

Wind is an unreliable energy resource.

Wind turbines generate lots of electricity in windy conditions.

Wind turbines produce low frequency noise.

Figure 6 shows a wind turbine.

The useful power output of the generator in the wind turbine is 144 000 W.

The efficiency of the wind turbine is 0.30

Calculate the total power input to the wind turbine.

Use the equation:

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer Questions 05.4 and 05.5.

Which equation links current, potential difference and power?

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power = potential difference × current

The power output of the generator in the wind turbine is 144 000 W.

The potential difference across the generator is 960 V.

Calculate the current in the generator.

Figure 7 shows how the National Grid links the wind turbine to consumers.

The step-up transformer increases the potential difference and decreases the current.

What effect does decreasing the current have on the energy loss from the power cables?

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The energy loss decreases.

The energy loss is not affected.

The energy loss increases.

What is the function of the step-down transformer in Figure 7 ?

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To decrease the current.

To decrease the potential difference.

To decrease the power input.

This question is about the elements magnesium, oxygen and lithium.

What is the type of bonding in magnesium?

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Covalent

Ionic

Metallic

What is the type of bonding in oxygen?

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Covalent

Ionic

Metallic

Magnesium atoms react with oxygen atoms to produce magnesium oxide.

Magnesium oxide contains magnesium ions and oxide ions.

Figure 8 shows the electronic structure of the atoms and the ions.

Only the outer shell electrons are shown.

Describe what happens when a magnesium atom reacts with an oxygen atom to produce a magnesium ion and an oxide ion.

Answer in terms of electrons.

Lithium is an element in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Figure 9 shows a piece of lithium stored in oil.

Suggest why lithium is stored in oil.

A teacher reacted 0.5 g of lithium with oxygen.

The teacher measured the mass of lithium oxide produced.

The teacher repeated the experiment with different masses of lithium.

Table 2 shows the results.

Describe the relationship between the mass of lithium reacted and the mass of lithium oxide produced.

Complete Figure 10.

You should:

label the x-axis

plot the data from Table 2

draw a line of best fit.

The teacher did the experiment four times using 0.25 g of lithium.

Table 3 shows the results.

Calculate mean value X in Table 3.

A student investigated how the current in a filament lamp varies with the potential difference across the filament lamp.

Figure 11 shows the circuit used.

What is component P ?

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A battery

A variable resistor

An open switch

The student measured different values of potential difference and the corresponding values of current for the filament lamp.

Describe how the student could use the circuit in Figure 11 to make these measurements.

Figure 12 shows the reading on the ammeter at one point in the investigation.

Figure 12

What is the reading on the ammeter?

The student repeated the investigation for two other components.

The student plotted a graph of current against potential difference for each component.

Draw one line from each component to the correct graph.

Component Graph

Enzymes are large molecules and biological catalysts.

What type of molecule is an enzyme?

A catalyst changes the rate of a chemical reaction.

What happens to the mass of a catalyst during a chemical reaction?

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The mass of the catalyst decreases.

The mass of the catalyst stays the same.

The mass of the catalyst increases.

Figure 13 shows a model of enzyme action.

Name X and Y in Figure 13.

Name the model shown in Figure 13.

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch.

A student investigated how changing the pH affected the activity of amylase.

This is the method used.

1. Heat a test tube containing 2 cm³ of amylase solution at pH 5.0 in a water bath at 35 °C.

2. H eat a test tube containing 2 cm³ of starch solution in the same water bath.

3. Transfer the amylase solution into the test tube of starch solution and mix.

4. After 30 seconds remove a drop of the amylase–starch mixture and test the drop for starch.

5. Repeat step 4 until no starch is detected.

6. Record the total time taken for no starch to be detected.

7. Repeat steps 1 to 6 using amylase solution at different pH values.

Explain why the solutions are all placed in the same water bath.

Describe the test for starch.

Give the result of the test if starch is present.

Table 4 shows the results.

Which range of pH values had the fastest rate of reaction?

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pH 5.0 to pH 5.5

pH 6.0 to pH 6.5

pH 7.0 to pH 7.5

pH 8.0 to pH 8.5

How could the method be improved to obtain a more accurate pH value for the fastest rate of reaction?

Figure 14 shows a velocity–time graph for a remote-controlled car.

Determine the acceleration of the car between 0 and 20 seconds.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

Determine the distance travelled by the car between 20 seconds and 45 seconds.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

How does the deceleration of the car compare with the acceleration of the car?

Use Figure 14.

Give one reason for your answer.

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The deceleration was greater than the acceleration.

The deceleration was the same as the acceleration.

The deceleration was less than the acceleration.

Another remote-controlled car travelled a distance of 80 m while accelerating from 0 m/s to 16 m/s.

Calculate the acceleration of this car.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

A student investigated the reaction between citric acid powder and sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.

The temperature of the reaction mixture decreased.

Plan a method to investigate how changing the mass of citric acid affects the lowest temperature reached by the mixture.

The reaction between citric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate is endothermic.

Which reaction profile represents an endothermic reaction?

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Explain why the rate of reaction is greater when powder is used instead of larger lumps.

Refer to surface area and collisions in your answer.