Group 1: the alkali metals

Elements are arranged in the periodic table.

Figure 1 shows the position of five elements in the periodic table.

Which element in Figure 1 is a metal?

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C Ca Cl He Si

Which element in Figure 1 is a halogen?

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C Ca Cl He Si

Which element in Figure 1 forms fullerenes?

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C Ca Cl He Si

Which element in Figure 1 has atoms with a stable arrangement of electrons?

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C Ca Cl He Si

Which two elements in Figure 1 have atoms with the same number of electrons in their outer shell?

Figure 2 shows some of the elements in Group 1 of the periodic table.

An atom of lithium has 3 electrons.

Complete Figure 3 to show the electronic structure of lithium.

Figure 3

Which of the Group 1 elements in Figure 2 is the most reactive?

Figure 4 shows sodium reacting with water.

Give two observations that can be made when sodium reacts with water.

Sodium reacts with water to produce an alkaline solution.

What is the name of the alkaline solution produced?

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Sodium chloride solution

Sodium hydroxide solution

Sodium sulfate solution

The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table are called the alkali metals.

Lithium reacts with chlorine to produce lithium chloride.

Figure 11 shows the reaction profile for the reaction between lithium and chlorine.

What do labels A, B and C on Figure 11 represent?

What type of reaction does the reaction profile in Figure 11 represent?

Describe what happens when a lithium atom reacts with a chlorine atom.

Answer in terms of electrons.

Explain the trend in the reactivity of the Group 1 metals.

This question is about the elements magnesium, oxygen and lithium.

What is the type of bonding in magnesium?

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Covalent

Ionic

Metallic

What is the type of bonding in oxygen?

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Covalent

Ionic

Metallic

Magnesium atoms react with oxygen atoms to produce magnesium oxide.

Magnesium oxide contains magnesium ions and oxide ions.

Figure 8 shows the electronic structure of the atoms and the ions.

Only the outer shell electrons are shown.

Describe what happens when a magnesium atom reacts with an oxygen atom to produce a magnesium ion and an oxide ion.

Answer in terms of electrons.

Lithium is an element in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Figure 9 shows a piece of lithium stored in oil.

Suggest why lithium is stored in oil.

A teacher reacted 0.5 g of lithium with oxygen.

The teacher measured the mass of lithium oxide produced.

The teacher repeated the experiment with different masses of lithium.

Table 2 shows the results.

Describe the relationship between the mass of lithium reacted and the mass of lithium oxide produced.

Complete Figure 10.

You should:

label the x-axis

plot the data from Table 2

draw a line of best fit.

The teacher did the experiment four times using 0.25 g of lithium.

Table 3 shows the results.

Calculate mean value X in Table 3.

This question is about groups in the periodic table.

What name is given to the Group 0 elements?

Explain the reactivity of the Group 0 elements.

Describe the relationship between relative atomic mass and boiling point for the elements in Group 0.

Fluorine is an element in Group 7.

Complete Figure 5 to represent the electronic structure of fluorine.

Which is a correct statement about the elements in Group 7?

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The elements in Group 7 consist of single, non-bonded atoms.

The elements in Group 7 react with non-metals to form covalent compounds.

The melting points of the elements in Group 7 decrease going down the group.

The reactivity of the elements in Group 7 increases going down the group.

The elements in Group 1 react with water.

Give two observations you would see when a small piece of lithium is added to water.

Lithium reacts with water less vigorously than sodium reacts with water.

Explain why lithium is less reactive than sodium.

Complete the equation for the reaction of lithium with water.

You should balance the equation.

This question is about reactions of metals.

A student investigated the reactivity of three metals.

Figure 1 shows the order of reactivity of the three metals.

The student added each metal to three different metal sulfate solutions.

Table 1 shows some of the results.

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a compound.

Complete Table 1.

Use: where a reaction occurs where there is no reaction.

Use Figure 1.

What type of solution is formed when potassium reacts with water?

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Acidic

Alkaline

Neutral

Which gas is produced when potassium reacts with water?

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Carbon dioxide

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Give one observation seen when potassium is added to water.

Sodium is above potassium in Group 1 of the periodic table.

How does the reactivity of sodium compare with the reactivity of potassium?

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Sodium is less reactive than potassium.

Sodium has the same reactivity as potassium.

Sodium is more reactive than potassium.

Figure 3 shows the electronic structure of two different atoms.

A sodium atom forms a Na + ion.

Which ion does a magnesium atom form?

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Mg⁺ Mg⁻ Mg²⁺ Mg²⁻

This question is about acids and alkalis.

Magnesium reacts with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen.

The ionic equation for the reaction is:

In a redox reaction, both oxidation and reduction occur.

Explain why this reaction is described as a redox reaction.

What happens to the pH of an acid when the hydrogen ion concentration decreases by a factor of ten?

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The pH decreases by 1.

The pH decreases by 10.

The pH increases by 1.

The pH increases by 10.

Write the ionic equation that represents the neutralisation reaction between an acid and an alkali in aqueous solution.

You should include state symbols.

A teacher demonstrates the reaction of potassium with water.

Give two observations seen when potassium reacts with water.

Potassium reacts with water to form a solution with a pH of 13.

Explain why the solution has a pH of 13.

You should refer to ions in your answer.

Figure 12 shows four models representing the same volume of:

a strong acid at two different concentrations

a weak acid at two different concentrations.

Which model represents the weak acid with the higher concentration?

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W X Y Z

Justify your answer.

Give two limitations of using the models in Figure 12 to represent acids.

This question is about groups in the periodic table.

Neon and argon are Group 0 elements.

What name is given to Group 0?

Give one similarity of the electronic structure of neon and the electronic structure of argon.

Give one difference between the electronic structure of neon and the electronic structure of argon.

Table 3 shows information about elements in Group 1.

Complete Figure 14.

You should: label both axes plot the data from Table 3.

Figure 14

Give one conclusion from the data in Figure 14 on page 43.

This question is about groups in the periodic table.

Neon and argon are Group 0 elements.

What name is given to Group 0?

Give one similarity of the electronic structure of neon and the electronic structure of argon.

Give one difference between the electronic structure of neon and the electronic structure of argon.

Table 1 shows information about elements in Group 1.

Complete Figure 5.

You should: label both axes plot the data from Table 1.

Figure 5

Give one conclusion from the data in Figure 5 on page 11.

This question is about Group 1 metals.

Figure 1 shows the melting points of Group 1 metals plotted against their atomic number.

Describe the trend shown by the melting points of Group 1 metals as the atomic number increases.

Determine the atomic number and melting point of caesium.

Use Figure 1.

Lithium is a Group 1 metal.

A lithium atom can be shown as.

How many electrons does the outer shell of a lithium atom contain?

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Lithium reacts with oxygen to produce lithium oxide.

Draw one line from each substance to the correct description of the substance.

Balance the equation for the reaction of lithium with oxygen.

What type of bonding is present in lithium oxide?

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Calculate the relative formula mass (M_r) of lithium oxide (Li₂O).

Relative atomic masses (A_r): Li = 7 O = 16