AQA GCSE Synergy Paper 3: Physical sciences Foundation November 2021 question paper 8465/3F

Figure 1 shows a boat pulling a person parasailing.

A rope attaches the person to the boat.

What type of force is the weight?

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Contact force

Magnetic force

Non-contact force

The mass of the person is 75 kg.

Calculate the weight of the person.

gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg

Use the equation:

weight = mass × gravitational field strength

The resultant force acting on the person is zero.

Which of the following describes the motion of the person?

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Velocity decreasing

Moving at constant velocity

Velocity increasing

The horizontal force on the person is 4300 N.

Calculate the work done by this force in moving the person a horizontal distance of 500 m.

Use the equation:

work done = force × distance

Choose the unit from the box.

The speed of the boat changes.

The height of the person above the water decreases by 18 m.

Calculate the decrease in gravitational potential energy of the person.

mass of person = 75 kg

gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg

Use the equation:

gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height

This question is about reactions of metals.

A piece of magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Magnesium chloride solution and a gas are produced.

Which gas is produced?

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Chlorine

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Give two observations seen during the reaction.

Magnesium chloride is formed from Mg²⁺ ions and Cl^‒ ions.

What is the formula of magnesium chloride?

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MgCl MgCl₂ Mg₂Cl Mg₂Cl₂

Calcium is in the same group as magnesium in the periodic table.

What is the symbol for a calcium ion?

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Ca⁺ Ca^‒ Ca²⁺ Ca^2‒

Figure 2 shows a cube of calcium.

How would you calculate the total surface area of this cube?

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Total surface area = 2 × 2 × 2

Total surface area = 2 × 2 × 4

Total surface area = 2 × 2 × 6

Total surface area = 2 × 4 × 6

A teacher investigated the reaction between calcium and water.

The teacher used the same mass of three different forms of calcium.

The different forms of calcium were: powder small lumps large lumps.

The teacher measured the time for each reaction to be complete.

What is the independent variable in the investigation?

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Form of calcium

Mass of calcium

Time for reaction to be complete

Which form of calcium will react the fastest?

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Powder

Small lumps

Large lumps

Which is the best way to display the results for the three different forms of calcium?

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Bar chart

Line graph

Pie chart

An oven is connected to the mains electricity supply using a three-core cable.

Figure 3 shows the three-core cable.

The insulation covering the earth wire has green and yellow stripes.

Give the colours of the insulation covering the live wire and the neutral wire.

A thermistor is used as part of a temperature sensor in the oven.

What is the circuit symbol for a thermistor?

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Figure 4 shows how the resistance of the thermistor in the oven varies with temperature.

Which statement describes the relationship shown in Figure 4 ?

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As temperature increases, resistance decreases.

As temperature increases, resistance stays the same.

As temperature increases, resistance increases.

Which temperature range shows the greatest decrease in the resistance of the thermistor?

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Between 50 and 100 °C

Between 100 and 150 °C

Between 150 and 200 °C

Between 200 and 250 °C

The resistance of the heating element in the oven is 5.0 Ω.

The current in the heating element is 12 A.

Calculate the power output of the heating element.

Use the equation:

power = (current)² × resistance

Calculate the energy transferred by the oven when 8000 C of charge flows through the heating element.

The potential difference across the heating element is 230 V.

Use the equation:

energy transferred = charge flow × potential difference

An LED on the oven is connected to an alternating current supply.

When the supply is switched on, the LED flashes on and off continuously.

Explain why.

This question is about hydrocarbons.

Methane is a hydrocarbon.

The formula of methane is CH₄

Name the two elements in methane.

Complete Figure 5 to show the structure of a methane (CH₄) molecule.

Figure 5

H ‒ C

What is the type of bonding in methane?

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Covalent

Ionic

Metallic

Calculate the percentage by mass of element C in a CH₄ molecule.

Relative atomic mass (A_r): C = 12

Relative formula mass (M_r): CH₄ = 16

Cracking breaks down hydrocarbons into smaller molecules.

Name one method of cracking.

C₁₃H₂₈ is a hydrocarbon.

C₁₃H₂₈ is cracked to produce C₈H₁₈ and another product.

Complete the equation for the reaction.

C₈H₁₈ and C₁₃H₂₈ are both alkanes.

C₈H₁₈ is a smaller molecule than C₁₃H₂₈

Give one use of alkanes that have small molecules.

Cracking also produces alkenes.

Ethene is an alkene.

What is the formula of ethene?

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C₂H₄ C₂H₆ C₃H₆ C₃H₈

A life cycle assessment (LCA) is done to assess the environmental impact of a product.

An LCA has four stages.

Draw one line from each LCA stage to the description of what happens to the product at that stage.

LCA stage
Description

Stage 1
Disposal at end of useful life

Stage 2
Extracting and processing raw materials

Stage 3
Manufacturing and packaging

Stage 4
Use and operation during lifetime

Some information in an LCA is estimated.

This means that false claims may be made.

What is done to check the estimated information in an LCA?

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Drawing graphs

Making hypotheses

Peer review

A student has a cotton shirt.

Table 1 shows the percentage of the total water used at each stage in the LCA for the cotton shirt.

Calculate value X in Table 1.

The use and operation stage of the LCA uses 71% of the total water used.

Suggest the main use of water during this stage.

Give two factors that need to be considered at the manufacturing and packaging stage of the LCA for the cotton shirt.

Do not refer to water in your answer.

The student grows taller and the cotton shirt no longer fits the student.

Suggest how the student can reduce the impact of the cotton shirt on the environment.

Give one reason why this reduces the impact on the environment.

A scalar quantity has size, but no direction.

Distance is a scalar quantity.

Which of the following is a scalar quantity?

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Acceleration

Speed

Velocity

Weight

Figure 6 shows the route a car travelled from town P to town Q.

The displacement of the car is the straight-line distance from town P to town Q.

Determine the displacement of the car when the car has travelled from town P to town Q.

Include the direction from north.

At one point in the journey the car had an acceleration of 0.12 m/s².

The car has a mass of 800 kg.

Calculate the resultant force on the car.

Use the equation:

resultant force = mass × acceleration

Figure 7 shows a distance-time graph for a different part of the car’s journey.

Determine the speed of the car.

This question is about substances found in the Earth’s crust.

Aluminium silicate is a compound found in the Earth’s crust.

The formula of aluminium silicate is Al₂SiO₅

What is the total number of atoms in the formula Al₂SiO₅?

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3 5 7 8

Table 2 shows the percentage of some elements found in the Earth’s crust.

Calculate the simplest whole number ratio for the percentage of silicon to the percentage of aluminium in the Earth’s crust.

Simplest whole number ratio for: percentage of silicon: percentage of aluminium = _____________: _____________

Iron is found as iron oxide in the Earth’s crust.

Iron can be extracted by heating iron oxide with carbon.

Why is iron oxide reacted with carbon to extract iron?

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Iron is less reactive than carbon.

Iron has the same reactivity as carbon.

Iron is more reactive than carbon.

The word equation for the reaction to extract iron is:

iron oxide + carbon iron + carbon dioxide

Which reactant is reduced?

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Carbon

Carbon dioxide

Iron

Iron oxide

The symbol equation for the reaction to extract iron is:

What is the value of X ?

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2 3 4 5

Aluminium is found as aluminium oxide in the Earth’s crust.

Figure 8 shows the apparatus used for the process to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide.

Name the process used to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide.

What are the positive electrodes made of in this process?

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Aluminium

Carbon

Copper

Cryolite

Large amounts of energy are used in the process in Figure 8.

Give two ways energy is used in the process.

Diamond and silicon dioxide are also found in the Earth’s crust.

Figure 9 represents the structure of diamond and the structure of silicon dioxide.

Compare the structure and bonding of diamond with the structure and bonding of silicon dioxide.

This question is about structure and bonding.

Figure 10 represents the electronic structure of an atom of an element.

Name the element in Figure 10.

Give one reason for your answer.

Use the periodic table.

Sodium reacts with fluorine to produce sodium fluoride.

Sodium fluoride is an ionic compound.

An atom of sodium and an atom of fluorine react to form a sodium ion and a fluoride ion.

Complete the dot and cross diagram for the sodium ion and the fluoride ion.

Show the charges on the ions.

Figure 11 represents the structure of sodium fluoride.

Describe how sodium ions and fluoride ions are held together in sodium fluoride.

What is a property of sodium fluoride?

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Conducts electricity when solid

High melting point

Low boiling point

A student investigated how the resistance of a piece of wire varied with the length of the wire.

Figure 12 shows an ammeter the student could have used in the investigation.

What is the resolution of the ammeter?

Which quantity must stay the same so the wire behaves as an ohmic conductor?

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Air pressure

Density of the wire

Temperature of the wire

Write down the equation which links current (I), potential difference (V) and resistance (R).

For one length of wire the potential difference across the wire was 1.68 V.

The current in the wire was 0.70 A.

Calculate the resistance of this length of wire.

Figure 13 shows the circuit used in the investigation.

The student plotted a graph of resistance against length of the wire.

Describe a method the student could use to obtain the data needed to plot the graph.

This question is about groups in the periodic table.

Neon and argon are Group 0 elements.

What name is given to Group 0?

Give one similarity of the electronic structure of neon and the electronic structure of argon.

Give one difference between the electronic structure of neon and the electronic structure of argon.

Table 3 shows information about elements in Group 1.

Complete Figure 14.

You should: label both axes plot the data from Table 3.

Figure 14

Give one conclusion from the data in Figure 14 on page 43.