AQA GCSE Synergy Paper 3: Physical sciences Foundation June 2022 question paper 8465/3F

This question is about hydrocarbons.

What is the maximum number of bonds that one carbon atom can form?

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2 3 4 6

Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons.

Crude oil is the remains of an ancient biomass.

What did the ancient biomass mainly consist of?

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Methane

Plankton

Rocks

Fractional distillation is used to separate the hydrocarbons in crude oil into fractions.

Which property of hydrocarbons is used to separate them?

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Boiling point

Flammability

Viscosity

Name one fuel produced from the fractional distillation of crude oil.

What are the two products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

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Ammonia

Carbon dioxide

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Water

How does the size of the molecules affect the viscosity of hydrocarbons?

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Smaller hydrocarbon molecules have greater viscosity.

The size of the hydrocarbon molecules does not affect the viscosity.

Larger hydrocarbon molecules have greater viscosity.

This question is about acids and alkalis.

Which ion is produced by all acids in aqueous solution?

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Cl⁻ H⁺ Na⁺ OH⁻

The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

What is used to measure the pH of a solution?

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Iodine solution

Limewater

Universal indicator

Give one safety precaution used when measuring the pH of an acid.

Sodium hydroxide solution reacts with sulfuric acid to produce a salt and one other product.

Which salt is produced when sodium hydroxide solution reacts with sulfuric acid?

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Sodium chloride

Sodium nitrate

Sodium sulfate

What is the other product when sodium hydroxide solution reacts with sulfuric acid?

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Oxygen

Sodium

Water

Draw one line from each solution to the pH of that solution.

What is the type of reaction when sodium hydroxide solution reacts with sulfuric acid?

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Combustion

Decomposition

Neutralisation

A normal bicycle can be converted into an electric bicycle.

Figure 1 shows a converted bicycle.

Figure 2 shows the circuit diagram for the bicycle.

The circuit symbol for a motor is: M

The potential difference across the motor is 36 V.

The power output of the motor is 252 W.

Calculate the current in the motor.

Use the equation:

The bicycle battery can be recharged using the mains electricity supply.

A battery supplies direct current.

Mains electricity supplies alternating current.

Which graph shows an alternating current?

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A diode is used to change the alternating current to a direct current.

Which graph shows how the current in a diode varies with potential difference?

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The mean charging current from the mains is 5.0 A for 7200 seconds.

Calculate the charge flow to the battery.

Use the equation:

charge flow = current × time

Choose the unit from the box.

Calculate the work done in charging the battery when the power input is 1150 W for 7200 seconds.

Use the equation:

work done = power × time

This question is about metals reacting with oxygen.

Calcium (Ca) reacts with oxygen (O₂) to produce calcium oxide (CaO).

Balance the equation for the reaction.

______ Ca + O₂ → 2 CaO

40 g of calcium reacts completely with oxygen to produce 56 g of calcium oxide.

Calculate the maximum mass of calcium oxide that could be produced from 10 g of calcium.

A student reacted different masses of magnesium with oxygen and measured the mass of magnesium oxide produced.

Figure 3 shows the results.

Why did the student ignore one of the points when drawing the line of best fit on Figure 3 ?

Predict the mass of magnesium oxide produced from 0.5 g of magnesium.

You should extend the line of best fit on Figure 3.

A different student reacted copper with oxygen and measured the mass of copper oxide produced.

The student did repeat measurements for each mass of copper.

Table 1 shows the results when 0.42 g of copper was reacted.

Calculate mean value X in Table 1.

The reaction between copper and oxygen is exothermic.

Which reaction profile represents this reaction?

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This question is about chemical processes.

Iron can be extracted from iron oxide using carbon.

The word equation for the reaction is:

iron oxide + carbon → iron + carbon dioxide

Why can iron be extracted from iron oxide using carbon?

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Iron is less reactive than carbon.

Iron has the same reactivity as carbon.

Iron is more reactive than carbon.

Which reactant is reduced?

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Carbon

Carbon dioxide

Iron

Iron oxide

Aluminium is manufactured by the electrolysis of a molten mixture of aluminium oxide and cryolite.

Figure 4 shows the apparatus.

What are the positive electrodes in Figure 4 made of?

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Aluminium

Carbon

Copper

Iron

Large amounts of energy are used in the extraction of aluminium from aluminium oxide.

Give two reasons why.

Electrolysis is only possible when an ionic compound is molten or in aqueous solution.

Explain why.

You should refer to ions and charge in your answer.

An aqueous solution of copper chloride is electrolysed using inert electrodes.

What is meant by ‘inert’?

Table 2 shows information about the products of the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of copper chloride.

Complete Table 2.

Figure 5 shows a person driving a bumper car at a theme park.

The mass of the bumper car and driver is 360 kg.

The bumper car moves with a speed of 1.50 m/s.

Calculate the kinetic energy of the bumper car and driver.

Use the equation:

kinetic energy = 0.5 × mass × (speed)²

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 06.2 and 06.3.

Write down the equation which links efficiency, total power input and useful power output.

The motor of the bumper car has an efficiency of 0.80

The total power input to the motor is 220 W.

Calculate the useful power output of the motor.

The bumper car collides with a stationary barrier and stops.

What happens to the velocity of the bumper car during the collision?

Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid.

The word equation for the reaction is:

calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

A student investigated the effect of changing the surface area of the calcium carbonate on the rate of this reaction.

The student changed the surface area of the calcium carbonate by using different-sized lumps.

Figure 6 shows the apparatus.

The rate of reaction is determined by measuring the decrease in mass of the conical flask and contents at regular time intervals.

This is the method used.

1. Place a conical flask on a balance.

2. Add 50 cm³ of hydrochloric acid to the conical flask.

3. Add 2 g of small lumps of calcium carbonate to the hydrochloric acid.

4. Put cotton wool in the top of the conical flask.

5. Record the mass every 60 seconds until the mass remains constant.

6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 with 2 g of large lumps of calcium carbonate.

Why was cotton wool put in the top of the conical flask?

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To slow down the reaction

To stop acid splashing out of the conical flask

To stop carbon dioxide gas escaping

What was the independent variable in this investigation?

Give one control variable used in this investigation.

Table 3 shows some of the results.

Calculate the mean rate of reaction from 0 to 60 seconds for the small lumps.

Use the equation:

Use Table 3.

Complete Figure 7.

You should:

label the y-axis

plot the data from Table 3 as a bar chart

label each bar.

Why are the results plotted as a bar chart and not as a line graph?

Table 3 is repeated below.

What effect does the size of the calcium carbonate lumps have on the rate of reaction?

Use Table 3.

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Increasing the size of the lumps decreases the rate of reaction.

Increasing the size of the lumps does not affect the rate of reaction.

Increasing the size of the lumps increases the rate of reaction.

The surface area of a calcium carbonate lump can be estimated by comparing the lump with a cube.

Figure 8 shows a cube and a similar-sized calcium carbonate lump.

Figure 8

Suggest one reason why the total surface area of the lump in Figure 8 is estimated rather than measured.

This question is about structure and bonding.

Why can metals be shaped?

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Different-sized atoms distort the structure.

Layers of atoms slide over each other.

Metallic bonds are weak.

Metals have low melting points.

Explain how metals conduct electricity.

You should answer in terms of electrons.

Figure 9 represents the structure of diamond and of sodium chloride.

Compare the structure and bonding of diamond with the structure and bonding of sodium chloride.

Ethene (C₂H₄) is a small molecule.

Calculate the relative formula mass (M_r) of ethene.

Relative atomic masses (A_r): C = 12 H = 1

Ethene molecules join together to form long-chain poly(ethene) molecules.

Explain why poly(ethene) has a higher melting point than ethene.

You should refer to the:

Figure 10 shows a boat on the sea.

The boat is travelling at a constant speed.

Draw an arrow on Figure 10 to show the size and direction of the force of the water on the propeller.

A quantity can be a scalar quantity or a vector quantity.

Identify which quantities are scalar quantities and which quantities are vector quantities.

Tick (✓) one box in each row.

Which equation links distance (s), speed (v) and time (t)?

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The speed of the boat is 12 m/s.

Calculate the time taken to travel 6000 m.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

Figure 11 shows the forces acting on the boat when it is moving at a constant speed.

The engine of the boat is turned off. The boat slows down and stops.

Explain what happens to the forces acting on the boat.