AQA GCSE Synergy Paper 3: Physical sciences Foundation June 2019 question paper 8465/3F

A student investigated the rate of the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.

The reaction produced a gas.

Which gas is produced in the reaction?

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Figure 1 shows the apparatus used.

What is the piece of equipment labelled A ?

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The student saw that a chemical reaction was taking place.

Give two observations that would show a chemical reaction was taking place.

At the start of the investigation the volume of gas in the measuring cylinder was zero.

The student measured the volume of gas collected every 20 seconds for 2 minutes.

The readings for the volume of gas were 24 cm³, 44 cm³, 59 cm³, 70 cm³, 76 cm³ and 79 cm³

Complete Table 1.

How could the student make the reaction faster?

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The student repeated the investigation at a higher temperature.

Figure 2 shows the results.

Determine the mean rate of reaction for the first 10 seconds.

Use the equation:

Give the unit.

Choose the unit from the box.

Determine the time at which the reaction finished and no more gas was produced.

Use Figure 2.

Why does the rate of reaction increase when the temperature is higher?

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A 1 kilogram mass is made from a mixture of metal A and metal B.

Figure 3 represents part of the structure of the 1 kilogram mass.

Figure 3

What is the ratio of metal A atoms to metal B atoms in Figure 3 ?

What is a mixture of metals called?

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A silicon sphere has a mass of 1 kilogram.

The largest impurity in the silicon sphere is copper.

There are 7 × 10^–5 g of copper in the silicon sphere.

What is the mass of copper in kilograms in the silicon sphere?

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An atom of silicon has 14 electrons.

What is the electronic structure of silicon?

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Silicon dioxide is a compound of silicon and oxygen.

Figure 4 represents part of the giant structure of silicon dioxide.

Figure 4

Which two words describe the bonding in silicon dioxide?

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How many silicon atoms are bonded to each oxygen atom in silicon dioxide?

Use Figure 4.

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Which symbol represents the state of silicon dioxide at room temperature?

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Some new cars have an electric motor that is powered by a battery.

A battery supplies direct current.

What is direct current?

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There are different types of battery available.

Table 2 shows the maximum distance a car can travel before the battery needs recharging.

Complete Figure 5.

You should:

• label the x-axis

• label the y-axis

• plot the data from Table 2.

A car with a lead-acid battery travels 80% of the maximum distance it can travel before the battery needs recharging.

Determine the distance the car travels.

A lithium-ion battery is put on charge for 1800 s

The current is 40 A

Calculate the total charge flow during this time.

Use the equation:

charge flow = current × time

The driver of a car saw an obstacle in the road. He applied the brakes until the car stopped.

The thinking distance was 9.0 m

The braking distance was 13.5 m

Calculate the stopping distance of the car.

The driver had been drinking alcohol. The car had worn brakes.

Explain why these factors would increase the stopping distance of the car.

This question is about hydrocarbons.

Figure 6 represents hydrocarbon A.

Complete the chemical formula of hydrocarbon A.

C₅

What do the links between the atoms in Figure 6 represent?

Hydrocarbon A is a fuel. Hydrocarbon A is completely combusted in air.

Which two substances are produced?

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Some students investigated how changing the temperature of a hydrocarbon affects the viscosity of the hydrocarbon.

Figure 7 shows the apparatus used.

The students recorded the time it took for 25 cm³ of the hydrocarbon to flow through the hole in the viscometer.

Table 3 shows a student’s results at 60 °C

Calculate the mean value X.

Another student investigated a different hydrocarbon.

Table 4 shows the results.

Complete Figure 8.

You should:

• plot the data from Table 4

• draw a line of best fit.

Describe the pattern shown on Figure 8.

The viscosity of a substance is linked to how fast the substance flows.

The lower the viscosity, the faster the substance flows.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

As the temperature increases, the viscosity of

the hydrocarbon.

This question is about copper sulfate.

The formula of copper sulfate is CuSO₄

Table 5 shows information about the atoms in copper sulfate.

Complete Table 5.

Copper oxide and sulfuric acid react to produce copper sulfate and water.

Complete the word equation for this reaction.

What type of substance is copper oxide?

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A student planned to make blue copper sulfate crystals.

This is the method the student used.

1. Add 25 cm³ of dilute sulfuric acid to a conical flask.

2. Gently warm the dilute sulfuric acid.

3. Add 2 g of black copper oxide to the dilute sulfuric acid.

4. Stir the mixture.

5. Evaporate some of the water from the mixture using an electric heater.

6. Leave the mixture to cool.

Not all the copper oxide reacted. The student did not remove the excess copper oxide.

What would the product look like after step 6?

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The student should have filtered the mixture after step 4.

Draw a diagram of the apparatus the student could use.

You should label:

• the pieces of equipment used

• where the excess copper oxide collects.

What equipment should the student use to measure:

• 2 g of copper oxide

• 25 cm³ of dilute sulfuric acid?

Draw one line from each measurement to the most suitable piece of equipment.

1 g of copper sulfate is dissolved in water to make 25 cm³ of copper sulfate solution.

Calculate the concentration of the copper sulfate solution in g/dm³

Figure 9 shows a toaster.

A three-core cable connects the toaster to the mains electricity supply.

Which material could be used for the wires in the three-core cable?

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What is the potential of the earth wire?

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The wires and the cable are covered with a plastic material.

The plastic material covering each wire is a different colour.

Draw one line from each wire to the colour of the plastic material.

The plastic material covering the wires and cable is a type of polymer.

Explain how the plastic material acts as a safety feature if a person touches the cable.

When the toaster is switched on the current is 4.0 A

The resistance of the toaster is 60 Ω

Calculate the power of the toaster.

Use the equation:

power = (current)² × resistance

Give the unit.

Choose the unit from the box.

Catalase is an enzyme.

What type of molecule is an enzyme?

Hydrogen peroxide decomposes in the presence of catalase.

This is the equation for the reaction:

Describe how the student could test for the gas produced.

A student investigated the effect of pH on the activity of catalase.

Describe how the student could use an indicator to measure the pH of a solution.

Table 6 shows the results.

What is the optimum pH for catalase in this reaction?

Use Table 6.

How could the student find a more accurate value for the optimum pH?

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Explain the result for catalase at pH 3.0

A student investigated magnets.

The student used a paper clip, metre rule and magnets.

Figure 10 shows the apparatus with one magnet.

Write down the resolution of the metre rule.

Explain why the paper clip is attracted to the magnet.

The student placed the paper clip at different distances from the magnet.

She recorded the minimum distance at which the paper clip did not move towards the magnet.

She repeated the investigation using different numbers of magnets.

Suggest why the magnets used should be identical.

Table 7 shows the results of the investigation.

Predict the value X in Table 7.

There is a resultant force on the paper clip. The resultant force causes the paper clip to accelerate towards the magnet.

Write the equation which links acceleration, mass and resultant force.

The mass of the paper clip is 0.0012 kg

Calculate the acceleration of the paper clip when the resultant force on it is 0.000168 N

Give the unit.

The Earth has a magnetic field.

The magnetic field is probably caused by movements inside the Earth.

Name the part of the Earth in which the movements take place.

Give one piece of evidence to show that the Earth’s magnetic field has changed over time.

This question is about graphene and graphite.

Graphene is a single layer of graphite.

Figure 11 represents part of the structure of graphene.

Figure 11

Graphene is one atom thick. The diameter of the atom is 3.4 × 10^–10 m

What is the thickness of a graphene layer in nanometres?

1 nm = 10^–9 m

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Which is one use of graphene?

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Graphene and graphite are used in electronics.

Suggest one reason why graphene is a more suitable material for use in electronics than graphite.

Figure 12 represents part of the structure of graphite.

Graphite is used as a contact in electric motors because graphite:

• conducts electricity

• is slippery.

Explain why graphite has these properties.

You should refer to the structure and bonding of graphite in your answer.