Blood glucose regulation

Control of blood glucose concentration is an example of homeostasis.

Give one other condition that is controlled by homeostasis in humans.

Do not refer to blood glucose concentration in your answer.

Figure 8 shows the blood glucose concentration of a person after eating a meal.

Calculate the increase in blood glucose concentration between 0 minutes and 50 minutes after the meal.

Use Figure 8.

_ Increase = ______________________ arbitrary units

Table 3 shows the blood glucose concentration between 70 minutes and 120 minutes after the meal.

Complete Figure 8.

You should:

plot the data from Table 3

draw a line of best fit between 60 minutes and 120 minutes.

After a meal, the blood glucose concentration increases and then decreases.

Describe how the pancreas causes blood glucose concentration to decrease.

Which substance do animal cells use to store glucose?

Tick (✓) one box.

Cellulose

Glycogen

Lactic acid

Starch

People with Type 2 diabetes often have high blood glucose concentration.

Give two lifestyle changes to treat Type 2 diabetes.

Control of blood glucose concentration is an example of homeostasis.

Give one other condition that is controlled by homeostasis in humans.

Do not refer to blood glucose concentration in your answer.

Figure 1 shows the blood glucose concentration of a person after eating a meal.

Calculate the increase in blood glucose concentration between 0 minutes and 50 minutes after the meal.

Use Figure 1.

_ Increase = ______________________ arbitrary units

Table 1 shows the blood glucose concentration between 70 minutes and 120 minutes after the meal.

Complete Figure 1.

You should:

plot the data from Table 1

draw a line of best fit between 60 minutes and 120 minutes.

After a meal, the blood glucose concentration increases and then decreases.

Describe how the pancreas causes blood glucose concentration to decrease.

Which substance do animal cells use to store glucose?

Tick (✓) one box.

Cellulose

Glycogen

Lactic acid

Starch

People with Type 2 diabetes often have high blood glucose concentration.

Give two lifestyle changes to treat Type 2 diabetes.

Hormones are released by glands.

Which organ system produces hormones?

Tick (✓) one box.

Circulatory system

Digestive system

Endocrine system

How are hormones transported around the body?

Tick (✓) one box.

Through the bloodstream

Through the muscles

Through the nerves

Figure 1 shows some of the organs in the human body.

Which organ is the pituitary gland?

Tick (✓) one box.

A B C D

Which organ produces oestrogen?

Tick (✓) one box.

A B C D

Homeostasis is the control of the body’s internal conditions.

Which internal body condition is controlled by homeostasis?

Tick (✓) one box.

Body temperature

Muscle contraction

Nerve impulses

Homeostasis also controls blood glucose concentration.

Figure 2 shows the change in blood glucose concentration in a person during 180 minutes.

When did the person start eating a meal?

Use Figure 2.

Tick (✓) one box.

P Q R

When blood glucose concentration is high the hormone insulin is released into the blood.

When will the concentration of insulin in the blood be the greatest?

Use Figure 2.

Tick (✓) one box.

P Q R

What might have caused the fall in blood glucose concentration at 150 minutes?

The endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

Figure 10 shows some endocrine glands and some target organs.

Which structure is the pituitary gland?

Tick (✓) one box.

W X Y Z

Which is the main target organ of the hormone insulin?

Tick (✓) one box.

Kidney Liver Pancreas

The endocrine system sends hormones to target organs.

The nervous system sends impulses to target organs.

How does the speed of movement of hormones compare with the speed of transmission of impulses?

Tick (✓) one box.

Hormones travel more slowly than impulses.

Hormones travel at the same speed as impulses.

Hormones travel more quickly than impulses.

The pituitary gland releases hormones, which results in widespread effects on the body.

Explain why the pituitary gland is sometimes called the ‘master gland’.

Figure 11 shows human blood viewed through a light microscope.

Name cell A and cell B.

The image of a cell has a diameter of 3.5 millimetres.

The magnification of the image is ×500.

Calculate the diameter of the real cell.

Give your answer in micrometres.

Use the equation:

1 millimetre = 1000 micrometres

Diameter of the real cell = __________________ micrometres

The endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

Figure 1 shows some endocrine glands and some target organs.

Which structure is the pituitary gland?

Tick (✓) one box.

W X Y Z

Which is the main target organ of the hormone insulin?

Tick (✓) one box.

Kidney Liver Pancreas

The endocrine system sends hormones to target organs.

The nervous system sends impulses to target organs.

How does the speed of movement of hormones compare with the speed of transmission of impulses?

Tick (✓) one box.

Hormones travel more slowly than impulses.

Hormones travel at the same speed as impulses.

Hormones travel more quickly than impulses.

The pituitary gland releases hormones, which results in widespread effects on the body.

Explain why the pituitary gland is sometimes called the ‘master gland’.

Figure 2 shows human blood viewed through a light microscope.

Name cell A and cell B.

The image of a cell has a diameter of 3.5 millimetres.

The magnification of the image is ×500.

Calculate the diameter of the real cell.

Give your answer in micrometres.

Use the equation:

1 millimetre = 1000 micrometres

Diameter of the real cell = __________________ micrometres

Figure 3 shows part of one liver cell.

The photograph was taken with an electron microscope.

Name structure X.

Describe the function of mitochondria.

Protein synthesis occurs at ribosomes.

Describe the structure of a protein molecule.

The storage substance in liver cells is a carbohydrate.

Name the carbohydrate storage substance found in liver cells.

Electron microscopes have higher resolving power than light microscopes.

What is the resolving power of a microscope?

Tick (✓) one box.

An electron microscope has a magnification of × 650 000

The length of a cell structure in an image from the electron microscope was 27 mm

Calculate the real length of this cell structure in mm

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Diabetes is a condition where the concentration of sugar in the blood can become too high.

Which chemical decreases the concentration of sugar in the blood?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which organ monitors and controls the concentration of sugar in the blood?

Tick (✓) one box.

A company produces two breakfast cereals.

In a 30 g serving:

cereal A contains 11 g of sugar

cereal B contains 25% less sugar than cereal A.

Calculate 25% of 11 g

Calculate the mass of sugar in a 30 g serving of cereal B.

Use your answer from Question 03.3.

Decreasing sugar in the diet can help prevent Type 2 diabetes.

Give one other health benefit of eating less sugar.

Taking regular exercise can improve health.

Table 2 shows how walking quickly or running may reduce the risk of developing different medical conditions.

The greater the percentage reduction in risk, the less chance there is of developing the medical condition.

Compare the effects of walking quickly with the effects of running on the medical conditions given in Table 2.