Combined Science A (Gateway) · OCR J250 · Physics Paper 12 · Higher · June 2019
Radioactive elements can contaminate or irradiate objects.
Which statement describes irradiation?
A Radiation from outside your body travels into your body.
B Radioactive material is on the skin.
C Radioactive material is breathed in.
D Radioactive material is eaten.
[1]
A car is accelerated by a constant force on a level road.
Which row of the table describes how energy is transferred as the car accelerates?
| Store that empties Stores that fill | |
| A | chemical kinetic and elastic |
| B | chemical kinetic and thermal |
| C | gravitational thermal and kinetic |
| D | kinetic thermal and chemical |
[1]
A car goes faster.
What effect does this have on thinking distance and braking distance?
| Thinking distance | Braking distance | |
| A | increases | increases |
| B | increases | no effect |
| C | no effect | increases |
| D | no effect | no effect |
[1]
A student uses a stopwatch to time water waves. The stopwatch always starts from 0.5 s and does not go back to zero.
What is this type of error called?
A Hypothesis error
B Precision error
C Random error
D Systematic error
[1]
A hairdryer is connected to the mains with only two wires.
Why will this hairdryer operate and be safe to use?
A The wires are earth and neutral and the hairdryer is insulated.
B The wires are earth and neutral and the plug has a fuse.
C The wires are live and earth and the plug has a fuse.
D The wires are live and neutral and the hairdryer is insulated.
[1]
Which statement is true for isotopes of the same element?
Np = number of protons and Nn = number of neutrons.
A Np = Nn
B Np is the same but Nn is different
C Np is always greater than Nn
D The total (Np + Nn) is always the same
[1]
For how long can you use a 2 kW electrical heater with 1 kWh of energy?
A 0.0005 hours
B 0.5 hours
C 2 hours
D 2000 hours
[1]
An astronaut lifts a 0.3 kg hammer 1.7 m above the surface of the Moon.
The hammer gains 0.82 J of potential energy.
Calculate the gravitational field strength on the Moon.
Use the equation: potential energy = mass × height × gravitational field strength
A 0.0016 N / kg
B 0.22 N / kg
C 0.42 N / kg
D 1.61 N / kg
[1]
Radar stations can be used to find out where ships are.
At a radar station:
• a radar transmitter transmits pulses of microwaves
• the pulses are reflected by the ship
• a radar receiver detects the pulses.
The diagram shows the radar signals on an oscilloscope screen:
Calculate the time taken between the pulse being transmitted and received.
[1]
A radar signal is sent from the radar station. The signal reflects off the ship and is detected 0.0006 s later.
The speed of the microwaves is 3.0 × 108 m / s.
Calculate the distance of the ship from the radar station.
Use the equation: distance travelled = speed × time
[2]
The amplitude of the received pulse is lower than the transmitted pulse.
Suggest why.
[1]
Radar stations use microwaves with a frequency of 200 MHz.
The speed of the waves is 3.0 × 108 m / s.
Calculate the wavelength of these waves.
[4]
Describe the difference between mean, mode and median.
In your answer use data from the second throw in the table (shaded in grey).
[3]
Use the table to estimate the half-life of the dice.
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
Half-life =........ throws
[1]
This question is about different types of radiation.
An isotope emits one type of radiation. It could be alpha, beta or gamma.
Describe how a teacher could show the type of radiation emitted using school equipment.
You may include a diagram in your answer.
[4]
Describe how these atoms can emit radiation.
[1]
What type of radiation is emitted?
[1]
Electricity can be produced in a power station.
Explain the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources.
Give one example of each energy source to help explain your answer.
[3]
The national grid transfers energy from power stations to consumers.
Explain how the national grid transfers energy in an efficient way.
[2]
This graph shows current and potential difference for the secondary coil of a transformer.
Potential difference across secondary coil (105 V)
The potential difference across the primary coil is 160 000 V. The current in the secondary coil is 2400 A.
Calculate the current in the primary coil of the transformer.
Use data from the graph in your calculations.
[3]
A student refracts light with a rectangular glass block.
He looks for a relationship between angle of incidence and angle of refraction.
Suggest how the student completes this experiment and the apparatus he uses.
[2]
The student needs to write a risk assessment for the experiment.
Complete the table to give one risk, the hazard it could cause and a control measure for the
[2]
The table shows the results from the experiment.
| Angle of incidence (°) | Angle of refraction (°) |
| 0 | 0 |
| 10 | 6 |
| 20 | 12 |
| 30 | 18 |
| 40 | 30 |
| 50 | 28 |
| 60 | 32 |
| 70 | 35 |
What could the student conclude from the graph?
[2]
The angle of refraction at 40° is incorrect.
Use the curve of best fit on the graph to estimate the actual angle of refraction at 40°.
[1]
Another student uses red light in the experiment.
She then repeats the experiment with blue light.
Describe and explain the difference in the refraction of the red light and blue light.
[2]
This question is about modelling crumple zones in cars.
A student models a crumple zone by adding a spring to the front of a toy car. The spring compresses when the toy car hits a wall.
Before the toy car hits the wall, its speed is 2.2 m / s. The total mass of the toy car and spring is 500 g.
Show that the kinetic energy of the toy car and spring is about 1.2 J.
[3]
The spring constant of the spring is 4200 N / m.
Calculate the change in the length of the spring when the toy car hits the wall.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
[4]
* Evaluate the student’s model of the crumple zone.
Include ideas about how crumple zones make cars safer in your answer.
[6]
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