OCR GCSE Combined Science
Topic questions Energy Kinetic, elastic & gravitational potential energy
17 questions · 70 marks · about 1.5 hours
Object X and object Y move at the same speed.
Object X has 10 J of kinetic energy. Object Y has twice the mass of object X.
What is the kinetic energy of object Y ?
A 5 J
B 10 J
C 20 J
D 100 J
Object X and object Y move at the same speed.
Object X has 10 J of kinetic energy. Object Y has twice the mass of object X.
What is the kinetic energy of object Y ?
A 5 J
B 10 J
C 20 J
D 100 J
This is their method:
• Compress the spring by pushing the trolley towards the wall.
• Release the trolley from rest.
• Measure the time it takes for the trolley to travel 0.30 m from A to B using a stopwatch.
• Repeat the experiment 2 times.
The table shows the student’s results.
| Experiment Number | Time (s) |
| 1 | 1.1 |
| 2 | 1.6 |
| 3 | 1.5 |
Calculate the mean time it takes the trolley to travel from A to B.
Calculate the average speed from A to B.
Use the Equation Sheet.
Average speed =........ m / s
The range of results for the time it takes the trolley to travel from A to B is 0.5 s.
This range is large compared to the mean time it takes. It is due to errors when the student uses the stopwatch.
Complete the sentence to explain the large range of results.
Use words from the list.
accuracy random reaction systematic
A large range of results is caused by a type of error know as a........ error.
The........ time of the student causes this type of error.
Suggest one way the student can improve the experiment to reduce the effect of the error in (a)(iii).
The student uses the speed calculated in (a)(ii) to determine the change in the kinetic energy store of the trolley.
The change in the kinetic energy store of the trolley is 1.9 
10–2 J.
The spring is compressed by 0.02 m each time.
Calculate the spring constant of the spring.
Assume that all of the energy stored in the compressed spring is transferred to the kinetic energy store of the trolley.
Use the equation:
Spring constant =........ N / m
The value calculated for the spring constant in (b)(i) assumes that there is no friction between the wheels of the trolley and the bench.
What effect would friction have on the value calculated for the spring constant in (b)(i) ?
Explain your answer.
Effect on spring constant........
A motorcycle has a mass of 200 kg and travels at 5 m / s.
What is the kinetic energy of the motorcycle? Use the equation: kinetic energy = 
mass (speed)2
A 2500 J
B 5000 J
C 100 000 J
D 200 000 J
A 4 kg mass is lifted 3 m vertically onto a shelf.
How much gravitational potential energy is gained?
Use the equation: gravitational potential energy = mass 
gravitational field strength height
Gravitational field strength = 10 N / kg
A 1.2 J
B 7.5 J
C 17 J
D 120 J
A bird sits on a branch in a tree.
The mass of the bird is 2.0 kg. The gravitational potential energy of the bird is 170 J.
What is the height of the bird above the ground?
Use the equation: gravitational potential energy = mass 
gravitational field strength height
Gravitational field strength = 10 N / kg
A 8.5 m
B 17 m
C 34 m
D 85 m
A bus travels at 11 m / s. The kinetic energy of the bus is 726 000 J.
What is the mass of the bus? Use the equation: kinetic energy = 
mass (speed)2
A 3000 kg
B 6000 kg
C 12 000 kg
D 132 000 kg
A car has a mass of 1100 kg.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the car when it is travelling at 10 m / s. Use the equation: kinetic energy = 
× mass × (speed)2
When the car has a kinetic energy of 140 000 J, the driver presses the brakes.
Calculate the braking force if the car stops in a distance of 40 m.
Use the equation: work done = force × distance
A student drops a ball onto a hard floor. The mass of the ball is 0.06 kg.
The ball bounces once and the student catches the ball.
The graph shows how the velocity of the ball changes after it is dropped.
State a point on the graph where the gravitational store of the ball has a minimum value.
Choose from A, B, C, D or E.
State the point on the graph where the kinetic store of the ball has a maximum value.
Choose from A, B, C, D or E.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the ball at 0.4 seconds. Use the Data Sheet.
Calculate the potential energy of the ball at A.
Use the graph and the equation: potential energy = mass × height × gravitational field strength
Gravitational field strength = 10 N / kg.
The potential energy of the ball at E is 0.45 J.
Calculate the efficiency of the ball bounce. Use the Data Sheet and your answer to (c)(i).
A car of mass 1000 kg is travelling at 5 m / s.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the car.
Use the equation: kinetic energy = 0.5 × mass × (speed)2
A 2500 J
B 5000 J
C 12 500 J
D 25 000 J
State the law of conservation of energy.
Fig. 13.1 shows the experiment a student sets up on the ground to investigate energy stores.
• The student places a magnet at the top of a small ramp.
• They place a small iron ball at the bottom of the ramp.
• The iron ball is attracted up the ramp.
• The iron ball ‘sticks’ to the magnet.
The table describes how the energy stores change.
Complete the table using the words MAXIMUM and MINIMUM.
| Type of store | At the bottom of the ramp | At the top of the ramp |
| Magnetic energy store | ..................................... | ..................................... |
| Gravitational energy store | ..................................... | ..................................... |
| Thermal energy store | ..................................... | ..................................... |
The mass of the marble is 0.003 kg.
The kinetic energy of the marble is 0.024 J at the bottom of the ramp.
Calculate the speed of the marble at the bottom of the ramp.
Use the equation: kinetic energy = 0.5 × mass × (speed)2
Speed =........ m / s
The marble rolls to a stop on the horizontal rough surface after it leaves the ramp.
Explain what happens to the kinetic energy store of the marble.
15* A turbine contains a rotating blade.
Fig. 15.1 is a diagram of a wind turbine and Fig. 15.2 is a diagram of a water (tidal) turbine.
A volume of air (wind) or water (tidal) flows through the turbine every second.
Some of the kinetic energy of the air or water is transferred.
This table gives information about wind and tidal turbines:
| Wind energy | Tidal energy | |
| Density of air or water (kg / m3) | 1.2 | 1020.0 |
| Typical air or water speed (m / s) | 5 | 5 |
| Volume of air or water through turbine in 1 second (m3) | 38 000 | 8 |
| Efficiency | 0.60 | 0.75 |
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using each type of turbine.
Use kinetic energy calculations to support your answer.
An astronaut lifts a 0.25 kg hammer 1.0 m above the surface of the Moon.
The gravitational field strength on the Moon is 1.6 N / kg.
Calculate the potential energy stored.
Use the equation: potential energy = mass × height × gravitational field strength
A 0.16 J
B 0.40 J
C 6.40 J
D 400 J
An astronaut lifts a 0.3 kg hammer 1.7 m above the surface of the Moon.
The hammer gains 0.82 J of potential energy.
Calculate the gravitational field strength on the Moon.
Use the equation: potential energy = mass × height × gravitational field strength
A 0.0016 N / kg
B 0.22 N / kg
C 0.42 N / kg
D 1.61 N / kg
This question is about modelling crumple zones in cars.
A student models a crumple zone by adding a spring to the front of a toy car. The spring compresses when the toy car hits a wall.
Before the toy car hits the wall, its speed is 2.2 m / s. The total mass of the toy car and spring is 500 g.
Show that the kinetic energy of the toy car and spring is about 1.2 J.
The spring constant of the spring is 4200 N / m.
Calculate the change in the length of the spring when the toy car hits the wall.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
* Evaluate the student’s model of the crumple zone.
Include ideas about how crumple zones make cars safer in your answer.
A car travels at a speed of 10 m / s. The mass of the car is 800 kg.
Use the equation: Kinetic energy = 0.5 × Mass × Speed2
What is the kinetic energy of this car?
A 4000 J
B 8000 J
C 40 000 J
D 80 000 J
A car travels at 10 m / s. The mass of the car is 800 kg.
Use the equation: Kinetic energy = 0.5 × Mass × Speed2
Calculate the kinetic energy of the car.
A 4000 J
B 8000 J
C 40 000 J
D 80 000 J
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