OCR GCSE Combined Science
Topic questions Energy Energy stores & systems
17 questions · 122 marks · about 2.5 hours
A student drops a ball.
The graph shows the relationship between the kinetic energy of the ball just before it hits the ground and the height from which the ball is dropped.
Which phrase describes this relationship?
A Directly proportional
B Negative correlation
C Non-linear
D Zero correlation
When some fireworks are lit, an explosive called gunpowder acts as a fuel and is ignited.
The gravitational potential store of the firework increases.
Which other energy changes take place when the firework is lit?
A A chemical store decreases and a kinetic store increases.
B A chemical store decreases and an elastic potential store increases.
C A nuclear store decreases and a kinetic store increases.
D A thermal store decreases and a chemical store increases.
In 1709, William Derham measured the speed of sound using a cannon.
A cannon contains an explosive called gunpowder. When a cannon is fired, the gunpowder acts as a fuel and is ignited. A cannonball moves upwards through the air.
Describe the change in energy stores when a cannon is fired.
Derham climbed a church tower to look for the flash from the cannon and to hear its bang.
The cannon was fired a long distance away from the church.
Derham measured the distance between the cannon and the church.
Describe how Derham used the firing of the cannon to work out the speed of sound.
Why is it important that the cannon is a long distance away?
Derham calculated the speed of sound using an old unit of distance called the Parisian foot.
One value he calculated for the speed of sound was 1122 Parisian feet per second.
1 Parisian foot = 32.5 cm
Calculate Derham’s value for the speed of sound in m / s.
Speed =........ m / s
Today, scientists know the speed of sound is 1056 Parisian feet per second.
The percentage difference between Derham’s value and today’s value for the speed of sound is calculated using this equation:
Use this equation to evaluate the accuracy of Derham’s value for the speed of sound.
Fig. 12.1 shows air particles in a room.
Fig. 12.1
A scientist produces a sound wave in the room using a vibrating tuning fork.
Describe what happens to the air particles when the sound wave travels through the room as a longitudinal wave.
You can draw on Fig. 12.2 to support your answer.
Fig. 12.2
A driver drives a car along a road. The driver presses the brakes to stop.
Energy is transferred between stores.
How is the energy transferred between these stores?
A By heating only
B Electrically and by heating
C Work done by forces and by heating
D Work done by forces only
A student drops a ball onto a hard floor. The mass of the ball is 0.06 kg.
The ball bounces once and the student catches the ball.
The graph shows how the velocity of the ball changes after it is dropped.
State a point on the graph where the gravitational store of the ball has a minimum value.
Choose from A, B, C, D or E.
State the point on the graph where the kinetic store of the ball has a maximum value.
Choose from A, B, C, D or E.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the ball at 0.4 seconds. Use the Data Sheet.
Calculate the potential energy of the ball at A.
Use the graph and the equation: potential energy = mass × height × gravitational field strength
Gravitational field strength = 10 N / kg.
The potential energy of the ball at E is 0.45 J.
Calculate the efficiency of the ball bounce. Use the Data Sheet and your answer to (c)(i).
This question is about energy changes in different situations.
Define braking distance.
• The braking distance is 6 m.
• The thinking distance is 6 m.
Calculate the stopping distance.
Explain how Fig. 12.1 shows the law of conservation of energy.
Complete these sentences about energy stores.
You can use each word once, more than once, or not at all.
chemical gravitational kinetic magnetic nuclear thermal
• A student rolls a ball up a hill. The ball stops at the top of the hill.
A kinetic store decreases. A........ store increases.
• A car accelerates.
A chemical store decreases. A........ store increases.
• Uranium fuel rods are used in a power station to produce electricity.
An electric kettle boils water.
A nuclear store decreases. A........ store increases.
A student measures the increase in the temperature of a metal block when it is heated.
Fig. 12.2 shows the apparatus that the student uses.
Complete the missing label on the diagram.
• The specific heat capacity of the block is 500 J / kg °C.
• The mass of the block is 0.5 kg.
• Its temperature increases by 20 °C.
Calculate the energy transferred to the block.
Use an equation from the Data Sheet to help you.
State the law of conservation of energy.
Fig. 13.1 shows the experiment a student sets up on the ground to investigate energy stores.
• The student places a magnet at the top of a small ramp.
• They place a small iron ball at the bottom of the ramp.
• The iron ball is attracted up the ramp.
• The iron ball ‘sticks’ to the magnet.
The table describes how the energy stores change.
Complete the table using the words MAXIMUM and MINIMUM.
| Type of store | At the bottom of the ramp | At the top of the ramp |
| Magnetic energy store | ..................................... | ..................................... |
| Gravitational energy store | ..................................... | ..................................... |
| Thermal energy store | ..................................... | ..................................... |
The mass of the marble is 0.003 kg.
The kinetic energy of the marble is 0.024 J at the bottom of the ramp.
Calculate the speed of the marble at the bottom of the ramp.
Use the equation: kinetic energy = 0.5 × mass × (speed)2
Speed =........ m / s
The marble rolls to a stop on the horizontal rough surface after it leaves the ramp.
Explain what happens to the kinetic energy store of the marble.
Two students are making waves using a dripping tap.
The water droplets create waves in the water in a bowl.
Describe the change in energy stores as a water droplet
• falls from the tap:........
• lands in the water in the bowl:........
The students count the number of droplets hitting the water in the bowl.
In 20 seconds, 5 droplets hit the water in the bowl.
Calculate the frequency of the waves produced.
How can the students tell that the water waves travel but the water does not?
One of the students says, ‘the temperature of the water in the bowl increases when the water drips into it’.
• 1 droplet of water transfers 5.04 × 10−4 J of energy as it lands in the bowl.
• The bowl contains 3 kg of water.
• The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / kg °C.
Calculate the temperature rise of the water in the bowl when 1 droplet of water lands in it.
Use an equation from the Data Sheet to help you.
In 1847, James Joule did experiments at the bottom of a waterfall.
He was unable to measure the temperature rise of the water.
Suggest two reasons why.
Hydroelectric power stations use water to transfer energy.
Which answer shows the energy transfer in a hydroelectric power station?
A student measures the temperature of a beaker of water as it cools down.
The graph in Fig. 16.1 shows how the temperature changes with time.
Calculate the rate of temperature change over the 5 minutes.
Rate of temperature change =........ °C / minute
Describe, in detail, how the temperature changes over the 5 minutes.
The beaker contains 0.2 kg of water.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / kg °C.
Calculate the change in thermal energy in the water after 5 minutes.
Give your answer to 1 significant figure.
Use an equation from the Data Sheet to help you.
Describe the change in energy stores as the water cools down.
The student is given some insulation. She wraps the insulation around the sides of the beaker and repeats the experiment.
Add another line to the graph in Fig. 16.1 to show how the temperature may change
when the beaker is wrapped with insulation.
State one thing the student can do to reduce the rate of cooling further.
A ball is thrown vertically into the air.
Energy is transferred from a chemical store in the girl.
Which store is the useful energy transferred to?
A A chemical store only.
B A gravitational store only.
C A gravitational store and a chemical store only.
D A thermal store and a chemical store only.
A student measures the temperature of a beaker of water as it cools down.
The graph in Fig. 11.1 shows how the temperature changes with time.
Calculate the rate of temperature change over the 5 minutes.
Rate of temperature change =........ °C / minute
Describe, in detail, how the temperature changes over the 5 minutes.
The beaker contains 0.2 kg of water.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / kg °C.
Calculate the change in thermal energy in the water after 5 minutes.
Give your answer to 1 significant figure.
Use an equation from the Data Sheet to help you.
Describe the change in energy stores as the water cools down.
The student is given some insulation. She wraps the insulation around the sides of the beaker and repeats the experiment.
Add another line to the graph in Fig. 11.1 to show how the temperature may change
when the beaker is wrapped with insulation.
State one thing the student can do to reduce the rate of cooling further.
A student investigates the stopping distance of a toy car. He looks for a relationship between angle of slope and stopping distance as shown in Fig. 12.1
Complete Table 12.1 to show the apparatus he needs.
Describe two things the student should do to get precise and repeatable results.
Table 12.2 shows the results from the experiment.
Describe the relationship shown by the graph.
Use the graph to estimate the mean stopping distance at an angle of 15°.
Explain why the result at 30° in Table 12.2 is the least precise.
A car is accelerated by a constant force on a level road.
Which row of the table describes how energy is transferred as the car accelerates?
| Store that empties Stores that fill | |
| A | chemical kinetic and elastic |
| B | chemical kinetic and thermal |
| C | gravitational thermal and kinetic |
| D | kinetic thermal and chemical |
A moving car crashes into a wall.
Which row in the table describes one of the energy transfers?
| Energy store before crash | Energy store after crash | |
| A | Chemical | Electrical |
| B | Gravitational | Electrical |
| C | Kinetic | Gravitational |
| D | Kinetic | Thermal |
A scientist does an experiment to measure the energy transferred to water.
She uses an immersion heater to increase the temperature of the water.
The scientist uses this apparatus:
• A beaker
• An immersion heater
• A stirring rod
• A 12 V battery and wires.
What two other pieces of apparatus does the scientist need for this experiment?
Explain how the scientist could reduce energy transfer to the surroundings.
The immersion heater is placed at the bottom of the beaker.
Suggest why.
The heater is connected to a battery. When the heater is turned on, energy is transferred.
Describe this energy transfer.
Use ideas about energy stores.
The current through the heater is 3.8 A. The potential difference across the heater is 9.0 V.
Use the equation: Power = Potential difference × Current
Calculate the power of the immersion heater.
The scientist writes down more information about her experiment.
• Mass of water = 150 g
• Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J / kg °C
• Temperature increase of water = 10 °C
Calculate the change in thermal energy of the water.
The table shows some information about electrical appliances in the home.
| Appliance | Power (W) | Current (A) | Resistance ( ) |
| Electric drill | 800 | 3.48 | 66.1 |
| Iron | 2000 | 8.69 | 26.5 |
| Kettle | 2500 | 10.86 | 21.1 |
| Security light | 500 | 2.17 | 105.8 |
| Toaster | 1650 | 7.17 | 32.1 |
Use the table to describe the relationship between power and resistance.
Explain this relationship. Use ideas about resistance in your answer.
The security light is switched on for 45 minutes every day for 7 days.
Use the equation: Energy transferred = Power × Time
Calculate the energy transferred in kWh.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
Explain the difference between direct voltage and alternating voltage.
The electric drill does not need an earth wire.
Explain why.
Mains electricity can be produced in a power station that burns coal.
An electric iron is plugged into the mains and switched on. The temperature of the iron increases.
Describe this process.
Use ideas about energy stores in your answer.
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