Classification

Which of these could be used to group living organisms in a natural classification system?

A DNA sequence

B Number of legs

C Presence of shell

D Size of tail

The diagram shows a phylogenetic tree for a group of related animals.

Which two animals are most closely related?

A Aardwolf and spotted hyena

B Aardwolf and striped hyena

C Brown hyena and spotted hyena

D Brown hyena and striped hyena

The diagram shows a phylogenetic tree for a group of related animals.

Which statement is correct?

A Aardwolf is not related to the striped hyena.

B Animal X is a common ancestor to all the hyenas.

C Brown hyena and striped hyena are the same species.

D The closest relation to the striped hyena is the spotted hyena.

Which is a true statement about artificial classification?

A It is based on the observation of only one or a few characteristics.

B It involves the use of DNA sequencing.

C It relies on the use of phylogenetics.

D It uses the fossil record to link common ancestors.

Which is a true statement about artificial classification?

A It is based on the observation of only one or a few characteristics.

B It involves the use of DNA sequencing.

C It relies on the use of phylogenetics.

D It uses the fossil record to link common ancestors.

Which row shows the size of each group from smallest to largest?

A class family order phylum

B family order class phylum

C order phylum family class

D phylum class order family

The diagram shows a phylogenetic tree produced using DNA analysis.

What does the phylogenetic tree show about the classification of humans?

A It shows bonobos and chimpanzees to be human’s closest relations.

B It shows bonobos and orangutans to be human’s closest relations.

C It shows gorillas and chimpanzees to be human’s closest relations.

D It shows gorillas and orangutans to be human’s closest relations.

Phylogenetics is used in the process of classification of organisms.

Which of these is not part of Phylogenetics?

A All species existing today descended from a single common ancestor.

B Organisms are grouped using characteristics visible to the human eye.

C Phylogenetics is used to identify common ancestors.

D Sequencing of DNA can reveal the evolutionary history of an organism.

The diagrams show two Blue Moon butterflies.

The two butterflies are the same species. However, there are differences between the colour and wing shape of the two butterflies.

What controls the colour and wing shape within the species?

Evolution can take thousands of years, but occasionally change happens very quickly.

Read the information.

Male embryos of the Blue Moon butterfly were attacked by a parasite.

Only 1% of the male butterfly population survived.

Within ten generations (1 year) males had returned to 40% of the butterfly population.

The parasite had not disappeared.

Use ideas about natural selection to describe how the male Blue Moon butterfly population may have returned to 40% within a year.

Classification of living organisms has changed over time.

Describe how scientific methods and theories develop over time.

12* (a) Look at the diagram, it shows how humans, Homo sapien s, evolved.

It also shows that humans are closely related to other apes, like chimpanzees.

Describe how humans, Homo sapiens, evolved from Australopithecus afarensis and the evidence for this shown in the diagram.

Describe how the use of DNA in phylogenetics has changed classification systems.

How does the structure of DNA support its use in phylogenetics?

Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary links.

Which of the following is important to make molecular phylogenic links?

A Behavioural features

B DNA sequencing

C Habitat analysis

D Phenotypical features