Response to exercise

Name the acid produced in the working muscles during anaerobic exercise.

The graph shows the percentage of blood flow to skeletal muscle and other organs at rest and during exercise.

Explain why the percentage of blood flow decreases to other organs during exercise.

Define the term tidal volume.

State what happens to the tidal volume of a 100 m swimmer during a race.

Describe one negative short-term effect of exercise on the muscular system.

The line graph below shows respiratory volume at rest.

State the tidal volume at rest.

Continue the line graph below to show how tidal volume changes when exercise starts.

The left bronchus enters the left lung.

The right bronchus enters the right lung.

Name two other features of the lungs and describe a function for each of the features you name.

A basketball match is about to start. Player A has performed a full warm up. Player B has not performed any warm up.

At the start of the match compare the short-term effects of a full warm up on the respiratory system of player A when compared to player B.

Which one of the following reduces blood flow to non-essential organs during exercise?

Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the correct answer.

State the by-product of exercise that causes fatigue in working muscles.

Sam’s heart rate is monitored while they complete a 20-minute training session with a warm up and a cool down.

The following changes are recorded:

• 10 minute warm up – heart rate increases by 15 bpm

• First half of training session – heart rate increases to 110 bpm

• Second half of training session – heart rate remains constant

• Following 15 minute cool down – heart rate drops to 80 bpm.

Plot the four changes to Sam’s heart rate on the graph below.

Sam’s resting heart rate is already shown on the graph as ‘X’.

Other than an increased heart rate, describe three short-term effects of exercise on Sam’s cardiovascular system.

Other than an increased breathing rate, describe three short-term effects of exercise on Sam’s respiratory system.

Fig. 7 shows the pathway of air through the respiratory system.

Put the following words in the correct order to complete Fig. 7.

Bronchiole

Describe the function of the alveoli.

Explain the impact of lactic acid production on the muscles and the quality of performance during a long-distance swim.

Describe two long-term effects of a 6-month training programme on the cardiovascular system.

Explain how these effects can benefit a long-distance swimmer.

Long-term effect 1:

Benefit 1:

Long-term effect 2:

Benefit 2:

Basketball and netball players put a lot of stress on their knees during a match.

Describe, using practical examples from basketball or netball, the role of ligaments, tendons and cartilage at the knee.

Ligaments:........

Tendons:........

Cartilage:........

Explain the redistribution of blood flow in a basketball or netball player during a match.

Table 22 shows respiratory rates for hockey players in different playing positions before and during a game.

Analyse the impact of the warm up on the three playing positions.

Which playing position had the largest increase in respiratory rate at the end of the first half?

Explain why every player’s respiratory rate was lower at the start of the second half of the game compared to the end of the first half.

Give one reason why the respiratory rate of the midfielder was lower at the end of the second half than at the end of the first half.

Describe four long-term benefits that hockey training can have on the respiratory system.

Describe the effect lactic acid may have on the performance of the hockey players during the game.