Physical Education · OCR J587 · Paper 1: Physical factors affecting performance · June 2025
The images show the three planes of movement.
Name the correct plane of movement for A, B and C.
A........
B........
C........
[3]
State if movement is through plane A, B or C for each of the following sporting examples:
A gymnast performing a cartwheel........
The running action of a sprinter’s legs........
[2]
Define the term circumduction.
Give a practical example of this movement.
Definition........
Practical example........
[2]
Name the acid produced in the working muscles during anaerobic exercise.
[1]
What type of circulatory system is the heart at the centre of?
Tick (✓) one box next to the correct answer.
[1]
Use a practical example from swimming to show the importance of a fast reaction time.
[1]
Litter, lack of supervision and overcrowding are examples of hazards in a fitness centre.
Identify one other hazard in a fitness centre. Explain how this hazard can cause injury during a sporting activity.
Example of hazard:
How this hazard can cause injury:
[2]
State the role of red blood cells.
[1]
Complete the two statements using words from the list below.
clavicle gastrocnemius quadriceps
scapula sternum ulna
Articulating bones at the shoulder joint are the humerus and........
[1]
Muscles found at the back of the leg are the hamstrings and........
[1]
Identify two physical benefits of a warm up.
[2]
The graph shows the percentage of blood flow to skeletal muscle and other organs at rest and during exercise.
Explain why the percentage of blood flow decreases to other organs during exercise.
[1]
During exercise, a swimmer has a cardiac output of 7000 ml / min and an average stroke volume of 70 ml.
Which one of the following is the swimmer’s heart rate during exercise?
Tick (✓) one box next to the correct answer.
[1]
Describe the role of the tricuspid valve.
[1]
Name the heart chamber that receives blood from the vena cava.
[1]
State what happens to the tidal volume of a 100 m swimmer during a race.
[1]
Describe how a weight trainer could increase intensity in their weight training programme.
[1]
FITT is an acronym for optimising training.
State the meaning of one of the letter ‘T’s in the FITT principle.
[1]
Describe the effect of a cool down on breathing rate.
[1]
Describe how an amateur boxer can reduce the risk of injury by giving a practical example for each of the following:
Personal protective equipment
Appropriate level of competition
[2]
This image shows a training exercise which involves jumping.
Name the type of training shown.
[1]
The image shows a gymnast performing a pike as part of a trampoline routine.
Name the type of movement for the gymnast in the image.
At the hip joint:........
At the knee joint:........
[2]
Explain how the muscles at the knee joint work as an antagonistic pair to produce the movement of the knees shown in the image.
[3]
Describe the following functions of the skeleton.
You must apply each function to a gymnastic routine.
Protection:
Posture:
Support:
[3]
Tendons are a connective tissue found at the knee.
State the main role of tendons.
Name one other type of connective tissue found in the knee.
[2]
A cyclist is unable to train due to injury.
Describe two effects of reversibility on the cyclist’s muscular system.
[2]
Describe two ways that reversibility will affect the cyclist’s performance in a cycle race.
[2]
A cyclist recovers from injury and completes a 12-week fitness programme.
The table shows resting heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output before and after the 12-week fitness training programme.
| Before fitness training programme | After fitness training programme | |
| Resting heart rate | 72 beats per minute | 67 beats per minute |
| Resting stroke volume | 69.5 millilitres | 82.1 millilitres |
| Resting cardiac output | 5 litres per minute | 5.5 litres per minute |
Calculate the difference shown in resting stroke volume.
[1]
Calculate the percentage increase in cardiac output as a result of the fitness training programme.
[1]
Describe two long-term effects of a 12-week fitness training programme on the respiratory system.
[2]
Give a practical example from a cycle race of the following:
Aerobic exercise
Anaerobic exercise
[2]
Low-intensity exercise and stretching are the components of a cool down.
Describe an example of each cool down component.
Low-intensity exercise:
Stretching:
[2]
The physical benefits of a cool down include gradually lowering heart rate, breathing rate and body temperature.
Describe two other physical benefits of a cool down.
[2]
* A warm up prepares the body for exercise and can help to increase skill levels in sport.
Describe the components of a warm up.
Describe and apply the characteristics of skilful movement.
Apply your answer to a named physical activity or sport.
Named physical activity or sport........
[6]
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